Public Safety Debate Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Public Safety Debate - Essay Example In the novel, The Prince, Machiavelli implies that the state holds all authority. This Machiavellian perspective explicitly argues that all morality, power and natural law should be controlled by the rulers of the state, in the interests of national security and the continuance of the rulers’ power. In the essay, â€Å"On Liberty† John Stuart Mill suggests that â€Å"The only purpose for which power can rightfully be exercised over any member of a civilized community against his will is to prevent harm to others† (John Stuart Mill in Hart, 1963:4-5). Could the purpose of law be as simply stated as: a set of rules to protect society and the individuals within it, and always the safety of the society is more important than that of the individual? In the world’s largest democracy, where human rights principles are constitutionally entrenched, the prioritization of the community over the individual can undoubtedly be seriously questioned. Whether there is moral justification for a law or a security-related need for a law, there has to be widespread agreement within a community or society which recognizes that law (Hart, 1994: 258). Individuals within a society must recognize, acknowledge the validity of, and agree to abide by a law. In the debate over whether public safety is more important than civil rights in the United States of America (US), such questions about the nature of the law, the validity of laws, and the need for community security of the population must be addressed. In at least four instances, forming the basis of the thesis of this paper, the conflict between civil rights and laws enacted to promote national security is notable. In the light of democratic principles, is it justifiable to remove one person’s rights for the presumed greater good? At any given time, certain acts may be seen as immoral, or threatening to the greater good.

Sports Psychology: History, Theories and Applications

Sports Psychology: History, Theories and Applications Emergence from Traditional Psychology Practice Practice of applied psychology emerged with the sport psychology experiences becoming more prominent every other day. This prominence highlighted the necessity for the development of athlete hostility (Friesen Orlick 2011). According to the definition of American Psychological Association (APA), scientific study of the psychological factors that are linked with the performance and participation in sport, exercise and other types of physical activities is known as sport psychology. Coleman Griffith is considered to be the founder for applying psychological principles in a systematic way to improve sport performance. He did this when he was first employed in Chicago Cubs in 1938 (APA n.d). He focused on the psychomotor skills and motor learning that enabled a link between physical performance and personality variables. However, Griffith’s ideas were not fully supported and accepted by the experts in the field of psychology (APA n.d). From the beginning of 1950s and till 1980s, sport psychology acquired an individual identity, free from exercise psychology, motor control and motor learning. At this time, sport psychology was linked with the performance, especially physical performance. With the publishing of one of the first books on sport psychology by Ogilvie and Tutko, psychologists began taking interest in the world of sports, by focusing their psychological theories on different sports personalities (APA n.d). Traditional psychological practice emerged with the study of individual personalities of human beings. Moreover, when factors, such as, aggression, sentiments, anger, motivation, confidence, grief and joy were studied, psychologists realize their role in individual personality and performances. Likewise, sport psychology is one of the types of individual performances. Theories and Theoretical Models causing separate Specialism The theory for coaching provides a set of guiding principles for coaching practice that identifies major principles and beliefs, which can help coaches achieve their aims and objectives. One of the theoretical models for sports psychology is â€Å"non-linear pedagogy†. Non-linear pedagogy is the application of concepts and tools or non-linear dynamics. This theory is based on the claim that learner is like a human movement system, which is characteristically non-linear. This theory explains ideas, such as, self-organization, stabilities and instabilities, etc. this theory let the functional movement patterns, such as, and decision-making behaviors in sport activities emerge (Renshaw, Davids, Shuttleworth Chow 2009). One of the other sport psychology theories is the â€Å"Dynamical Systems Theory†, which says that after the process of self-organization shaped by the interaction of individual constraints, task and environment, sport behavior emerges. Stable movement patterns can only be developed if all these constraints are kept constant. Likewise, any kind of changes in all these constraints can cause instabilities in learners and re-organization of the system, along with new patterns of behavior. In the light of this theory, instabilities are generally perceived as an integral part of learning process. This theory can be understood through the example of children coaching, where size of a child’s hand and grip strength is the factor determining quality of ball pass rather than technique (Renshaw, Davids, Shuttleworth Chow 2009). Figure 1: Neurobiological Model. Source: Sturmey 2007. Neurobiological Model of psychology interprets that how neurological science can contribute towards better coaching and athlete performances. This model represents the fear circuit, which is present in every athlete’s body. Amygdale, medial and orbital regions play an important role in the management of anxiety. On the other hand, cortex controls emotional regulation that may cause hyperactivity and lack of motor response. All the factors, such as, anxiety, fear, stress, etc can be calculated, in terms of their effect on sports players through Neurobiological Model. All these factors cause unintended alterations in the motor behavior of an athlete, causing poor performance (Sturmey 2007). Current Practices Currently, psychologists focus more on personality psychology rather than performance psychology in connection to various sports personalities. However, efforts are still being made to fill this loop hole. Counseling psychology focuses on doing psychological counseling of a person who has been sportsman earlier. This kind of counseling is being done keeping in mind the organizational, environmental and system issues of sportspersons. All these categories include issues, such as, coaching, team dynamics, etc. psychologist go through additional trainings, which enable them to work effectively with teams, coaches and organizations. On the other hand, performance psychology is also one of the most important fields of current sport psychology (APA n.d). Performance psychology says that people should be able to find happiness and meaning in life, then only they will be able to perform well in their fields. However, according to other variables in psychology, finding meaning and happiness in life does not always guarantee that a person shall be able to perform excellent in all the fields. But it does approve of some kind of success in life. Psychologists are trying to work on this principle by assisting sportsmen in their physical and mental problems. Their issues and problems are catered in such a way that a person does not lose hope in their continuing profession of sports or any other physical activity (APA n.d). Performance psychologists make use of the consultation model of intervention, along with the individual interventions, to develop certain issues in their patients (APA n.d). In addition, currently, kinesiology is also very popular in giving the consultation and psychology of performance knowledge. However, there is nothing very extraordinary about this practice. Instead of giving this psychological knowledge in kinesiology departments, it should rather be given in sport psychology departments (APA n.d). Aims and Objectives Field of sport psychology aims to bring competence in the psychological performances that include interventions and theories of optimal performance, coaching and leadership, motivation, team dynamics, emotions, human growth and development. Moreover, it also aims to provide mental health counseling by developing and maintaining a working alliance, clinical interviews, facilitating behavioral changes, motivating interviews, multilevel and systematic diagnosis interventions and group facilitations. Through all these aims and objectives, field of psychology shall be able to focus in building the competence in performance specialty domain. This domain includes performing arts, business, high-risk occupations and sports (Prodaniuk, Plotnikoff, Spence Wilson 2004). Moreover, there is also an evident need for the supervised practicum experiences (APA n.d). Experience makes a person a very good teacher, but the field of psychology cannot solely rely on experienced practitioners. Only experience cannot develop competence in individuals. Practitioners also vary in terms of their self-awareness. Confidence may not always guarantee accuracy of skills employed by all the practitioners. Sport psychology aims to produce practitioners, which are not just competent in confidence and experience but also in their skills and contemporary knowledge related to psychology. In addition, performance sport psychologists need to have grip over advanced knowledge of ethics (Gaag 2012). This makes them become aware of the nature of context in which they are working (APA n.d). Sport psychology professionals should be aimed to take multiple roles, challenges to confidentiality, boundary crossings and informed consent to allure to the environment of their field performance. Professionals of this field should also realize that the single therapy with individuals is not sport psychology. Sport psychology should aim at giving services to almost every other sport organization in the country, along with the excellent therapeutic services. Teaching should be one of the major steps in making sportsmen realize the importance of stable psychological condition. Sport psychology believes that there should be effective communication between coaches and team psychologists (APA n.d). Demonstration of Applications, Approaches and Techniques in Various Contexts Performance psychology applications are connected with the field of counseling and clinical psychology. Some of the major areas of focus for this study are using clinical interviewing skills, working alliance and understanding the behavioral change process. Performance psychology gives challenges and opportunities that provide the basis for the training of sports psychologists for future. These trainings include various contexts, interventions and issues that may become a part of professional practice in future. Performance psychologists approach sportsmen by focusing on their basic mental skills. These skills gives them the knowledge of probable mental and physical challenges a person is currently having or may go through in future (APA n.d). One of the other sport psychology applications is the experiential learning programs, which rely on the principle of, learn by doing. Direct involvement in the experience makes a person learn through it. Kolb developed a model, which explained that how learning occurs in individuals when they are directly involved in an experience. This model is based on the step of Do, Review, Learn and Apply. This model is very effective in the team development and providing a psychological rationale for learning. Four stages based on psychological concepts form the basis of this model. This model is depicted in the figure 2(Boyle 2002): Figure 2: Experiential Learning Model. Source: Boyle 2002. Sport injury management is another type of approach and techniques, which is a fruit of the field of sport psychology. sport injury management have planned designs and techniques, which makes sports management in educational institutions able to deal with any kind of sport circumstances with students. Sport injury management have planned their sport psychology approach in such a way that it makes teachers, peers and parents of students also get involved in the physical and psychological recovery of patient students. Figure 3 shows the breadth of sport injury management, where all the people become the part of care scenario (Comfort Abrahamson 2010): Figure 3: Sport Injury Management. Source: Comfort Abrahamson 2010. Barriers in Application and Delivery Referring trainings and knowledge with the labels of kinesiology, psychology or ESS is one of the biggest barriers in the discussion that is needed for the advancement of the field of psychology. The debate between kinesiology and psychology hinders the knowledge and trainings in psychology of performance, ethics, consulting, etc (APA n.d). Injuries, weather, change in family or working patterns that makes trainings less convenient are some of the major barriers in the field of sport psychology (Jarvis 2006). According to Karageorghis and Terry (2011), four barriers that stood between every sportsman’s performances is his view of strength, size, his negative view of snap and his recent interpretation to take the snap. Parents, peers and some other members of the society often becomes a barrier in psychological process when they are playing a negative role in the overall treatment (Melchert 2011). Furthermore, sport psychology is a field that has derived from the umbrella field of psychology. It can only work effectively if psychology is being discussed and practiced with regard to other fields as well. For example, ecological psychology also plays a significant role in the development of psychological answers (Renshaw, Davids, Shuttleworth Chow 2009). Lack of knowledge becomes a significant barrier in the development of sport psychology. One of the other barriers in sport psychology is the collection of data (Somekh Lewin 2011). Mostly, students do not participate in data collection activities. Best sport psychology data can only be collected if student athletes become a part of the sort psychology data collection (Somekh Lewin 2011). Similarly, one of the biggest barriers of sportsmen, especially young sportsmen is to adopt sport psychology methods and techniques individually (Sturmey 2007). Often young athletes are not completely able to understand any particular sport psychology approach or application. Most of the times, individuals have to try their technique on their own. Ultimately, this creates a problem for young athletes and they are unable to accomplish the desired results. Critical Evaluation of Theories and Models of Cognition and Condition Relevant to Sports Environment and Applications Hemmings and Holder conducted an experiment on Shane, an athlete. They told him recall different inspirational and meaningful quotes or statements. As a reaction, Shane found all these statements cognitively stimulating for both competition and practice situations. However, he did not agree with all the statements himself. All these inspirational statements have cognitive affirmations, self-instructions and personally symbolic reminders. All these statements facilitated behavioral intensity, emotional and attention control for self-assessment on courts and physical training sessions. This tool played a significant role in increasing the efficacy by doing verbal persuasion; however, it was a kind of self-persuasion in Shane’s case (Hemmings Holder 2009). These phrases were selected in such a way that Shane should be able to refer any one of them to any athletic situation he faces. This Alphabet Motivator acted as a verbal persuasion for Shane. It increased his self-regulation and confidence to increase success on different tasks. Figure 4 represents the words that were selected for Shane’s Alphabet Motivator: Figure 4: Selected Cognitive and Emotive Statements from Shane’s Alphabet Motivator. Source: Hemmings Holder 2009. In addition, there were mental rehearsal exercises, which were conducted on Shane regularly during his on-court practices and physical trainings. Motivational General Mastery Imagery is a sport psychology application, which is used to enhance confidence in athletes (Hemmings Holder 2009). This application focused on Shane’s strengths and all the tactical, technical, physical and psychological responses, which are required by Shane is any of his athletic sessions. Shane was asked to visualize scenarios, where he would feel a need to remember motivational statements that can make him successful in the session ahead. Control-related and confidence-related images are given to Shane to select them for physical, technical and psychological aspects of the game. In this application, Shane was also asked to select role model figures of sports and imagine himself in the body of these role models at the time he feels any difficulty during his sports sessions (Hemmings Holder 2009). Historical Development of Models and their Adaptation according to the Aims and Objectives of Applications Psychological consultants had taken the challenge of studying athlete’s ego-oriented, self-defeated beliefs to support them in the athletic sessions and work-outs. Throughout psychological assessment, high level of articulation and encouraged reflection of a good degree of personal capacity and awareness was demonstrated on athlete’s behalf. High level of commitment demonstration developed the psychological approach, which a sportsperson can appropriately take under his current performance-related belief structure. This also enabled the development of coaching and mentoring as a part of nurturing individuals abilities of behavior and performance (Deans Oakley 2006). This psychological application was based on the variety of psychological references (Ryba 2005). This variety of references does not suggest that the entire sport psychologist should be confused within the information they give but rather it can be used to broaden the vision of sport psychology (Ryba 2005). All the factors associated with sport psychology emerged immediately after the emergence of mental counseling. Psychologists realize that factors, such as, motivation, emotions, energy level, self-esteem, confidence, patriotism, etc play an integral role in the development of a certain personality. Although a person may be playing in a team, every team player has his individual personality. If all these factors play a significant role in personality making, then they also play a role in effecting sport performance of an individual.

Individuality vs Community in Shirley Jacksons The Lottery Essay

Individuality versus Community in The Lottery    The works of Shirley Jackson tend to the macabre because she typically unveils the hidden side of human nature in her short stories and novels.   She typically explores the darker side of human nature.   Her themes are wide-ranging and border on the surreal though they usually portray everyday, ordinary people.   Her endings are often not a resolution but rather a question pertaining to society and individuality that the reader must ask himself or herself.   Jackson's normal characters often are in possession of an abnormal psyche.   Children are portrayed as blank slates ready to learn the ways of the world from society.   However, adults have a hidden side already formed and lurking beneath the perceived normality of the established social order.   We see this best in Jackson's most famous short story, The Lottery.   Jackson's uses many elements of fiction to demonstrate how human nature can become desensitized to the point of mob murder of a member of their own com munity.   One of the ways she does this is through character.   While the shocking reason behind the lottery and the gruesome prize for its winner are not received until the ending, the characters come back to haunt us for their desensitized behavior earlier in the story.   For example, the children in the beginning of the story innocently gather stones as normal children might, yet their relish in doing so becomes macabre once we find out the purpose for which that are collecting them "Bobby Martin hard already stuffed his pockets full of stones, and the other boys soon followed his example, selecting the smoothest and roundest stones; Bobby and Harry Jones and Dickie Delacroy...eventually made a great pile of stones in one ... ...re many similarities when it comes to technique, characterization, themes, and ideologies based on the author's own beliefs and life experiences.   However, we also see that it appears the author herself often struggles with the issue of being herself and expressing her own individuality, or obeying the rules, regulations and mores of a society into which she was born an innocent child, one who by nature of her sex was deemed inferior to men who controlled the definition of the norms.   We see this kind of environment as repressive and responsible for abnormal psyches in the plots of many of her works. WORKS   CITED Jackson, S.   The Lottery.   (Internet) 1-8. Jackson, S.   We Have Always Lived In The Castle.   New York, Penguin, 1962. Mukamel, E.   The Irrepressible Individual In The Works Of Shirley Jackson.   http://www.askjeeves.com,   May 13, 2004, 1-7.  

The Decline of Moral Education from the 1950s to Today

Civilization of nations depends on moral character and attitudes of its people. It is acquired by education and training of its people. Education starts right from childhood and is an essential prerequisite for developing a good moral character. Education of a child plays a vital role in improving his/her behavior. It is a very important and vital step that education should be designed in a way that should help children develop a good character. But unfortunately, this is not the case. Our education system has declined to a level that our new generation is not aware of moral behavior and attitude. Educating a child does not solely rely on the shoulders of a school but it depends on different people according to their role. Education of a child is dependant on teachers, parents and administrators of educational process. The main participants are parents. Parents are the first place for child where he learns a lot from their own character and how they behave and teach a child. Parents are mainly responsible for bringing the child to maturity and develop their moral character. However, if state schools try to take over this responsibility and then train and educate them in a way to serve the governmental goals, though it might ruin their morals is a deteriorating condition in our education. States and school are not focusing on the moral behavior and attitudes. Our education system must be to make today’s children tomorrow’s leader. Leadership qualities determine those traits and characteristics of a person that will make him to lead people, an organization and/or a business. Leadership qualities may vary according to the situations, organizations and tasks. There are different leadership models and their qualities depend on the context of the environment they need to work in. One of the most important leadership qualities is that a leader is always determined, persuasive and work for their best. It is well understood by them that there is always a room for improvement. Excellence is what they want to achieve and whatever they do. They have a strong desire to do their best and perform outstandingly. The workforce they create is organized, unified, disciplined, cooperative and very productive. They keep setting new standards and carve new ways to improve and bring change. A very important aspect of leadership is that leader always makes others feel honored and valued. He never makes them feel bad for their mistakes, or criticizes them. Instead he is always an example for his employee and p lays a role model for them. Leader always work for others and willing to serve them. Doing this he never feels inferior or secondary. Serving others gains respect. Helping out others gain their respect and admiration. Employees make the workforce of an organization; failing to motivate them and help them could result in failure of an organization on the whole. A very important aspect of education is to be tolerant of other and removing discrimination among different ethical groups. Diversity refers to the grouping of different people from wide array of ethnic, cultural and socio-economic backgrounds. Diversity implies that being tolerant of racial groups from different backgrounds and to give them equal rights at workplace, education, tourism and entertainment. Diversity programs in business, education, and employment strive to provide equal opportunities for minority groups to let them participate in all aspects of life. Diversity implies respect and protection of equal rights for others equally as we are enjoying them. As being part of American society, a nation that has most diverse and different groups of people, it is important to look beyond the limits of differences among people. If we are well developed world we should come out of the notion of race, color and identity. Democracy can be implemented well in a nation by removing the barriers of conventional identities and discriminating each others. If admissions are not given on equal basis then how the constitution will give equal protection? Practical implementation of Affirmative Action would diminish traditional set back of minority groups who were not given privileges in the schools and profession earlier. But now there is a strong need to reduce this racial and gender discrimination. For advancement of our society and to keep the infrastructure of the nation strong it is the very important and fundamental point. In addition, affirmative action will let schools and profession to obtain more benefits from the talents of diverse groups of people belonging to different gender and race (Gurin, 2002). The reason for this is that suppose if a school is declining admission to a person who obtained very good scores in his/her test, solely on the basis that s/he is a black or among other minority group, who knows that the same person could later become an eminent personality. By contrary if it grants admission to a white person who deserved less marks may later become a poor professional. The most important reason for affirmative action is to give all rights to the people who deserve their positions in the medical schools. Further to end racial preferences among students of different schools. There must be different alternative methods develop to stop violence at school. Environment at school greatly influences student’s learning skills. References State Education and the Decline of Morality Paul A. Cleveland http://www.leaderu.com/offices/cleveland/docs/education.html Moral Development and Moral Education: An Overview. Studies in Moral Development and Education. http://tigger.uic.edu/~lnucci/MoralEd/overview.html Gurin, Patricia, Day, Eric L., Hurtado, Sylvia & Gurin, Gerald. â€Å"Diversity and Higher Education: Theory and Impact on Educational Outcomes,† Harvard Educational Review, 72 (Fall 2002), 330-337.   

History of Country Music

Velvet Stalnaker UNV 104 January 7, 2012 Professor Salcido History of Southern Music Southern music is now called country music and is popular in many different places. It is for people from all walks of life. But, when we look at country music today and from years ago is it the same? , When did it become popular? and , How has the music changed over the years? Southern music known today as country music became popular in the 1920’s. This was music that was based on folk music of cowboys in the southeast (Collins English Dictionary, 2003). In most of the early music the artist played stringed instruments like fiddles, guitars, banjos and some were even playing harmonicas. When this type of music started some people called it â€Å"hillbilly music† (Tower, 2000). Country music is in my opinion soothing and tells a story. Immigrants came to this world over 300 years ago playing and listening to what they called old world music. Most of the people that were playing this music were playing banjos and guitars. Southern music is still used today in churches all over the world it is called southern gospel. This type of music is used in funerals and also celebrations all over the world. Most people think this type of music is all about people crying about their lives. Many southern country songs tell stories about the singer. Southern music is used today in some schools and churches on a daily basis. Some government groups in the United States also use songs with southern background. â€Å"The south is the cradle of American music. †3 This can be seen through many types of music. Southern music is used in movies. Southern influence help to make popular songs like â€Å"Sweet Home Alabama†, â€Å"Free bird†, and â€Å"Still in Saigon† favorites among many different types of people today. Even though southern music is for hillbillies, southern music is very influential because southern music from the past is still used in lives today and southern music started many famous songs still used today. This is why southern music is not just for hillbillies. Reference Page 1- http://www. urbandictionary. com 2- http://www. wbir. com by Dave Paulson â€Å"The Tennessean† Who listens to Country music? 3- http:www. credoreference. com. library. gcu. edu:2048/entry/abcarcsouth/music Here is the section of the style guide that might help you with your citations. Source Citations All quotations, paraphrases, and summaries must be referenced. Only common knowledge does not need to be cited. When in doubt, cite the material. This is an issue of plagiarism; please reference GCU’s policy on Plagiarism in the University Policy Handbook. In-text citations should note the author(s) and the publication date for a paraphrase. For a direct quotation, citations should include author(s), date, and page number. See the following examples: â€Å"Ethics examines moral values and the standards of ethical behavior† (Ornstein & Levine, 2008, p. 162). Ornstein and Levine (2008) expressed their concern with NCLB and its effect on public education. Reference Examples: Books Book by a Single Author Author, A. A. (Year). Book title: Subtitle after colon. Location, State Abbreviation: Publisher. [Some publication locations do not require a state abbreviation or country. ] Daresh, J. C. (2004). Beginning the assistant principalship: A practical guide fo r new School administrators. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin. Book by More than One Author Author, A. A. , Author, B. B. , & Author, C. C. (Year). Book title: Subtitle after colon. Location, State Abbreviation: Publisher. Black, J. A. , & English, F. W. (1986). What they don’t tell you in schools of education about school administration. Lancaster, PA: Technomic. Hartzell, G. , Williams, R. , & Nelson, K. (1995). New voices in the field: The work lives of first-year assistant principals. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin. Edited Book Author, A. A. (Ed. ). (Year). Book title: Subtitle after colon. Location, State Abbreviation: Publisher. Feldman, P. R. (Ed. ). (1997). British women poets of the romantic era. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University. Article or Chapter in an Edited Book Author, A. A. , & Author, B. B. (Year). Chapter or article title. In A. A. Editor & B. B. Editor (Eds. ), Book title: Subtitle after colon (pp. ). Location, State Abbreviation: Publisher. Grabe, W. , & Stoller, F. L. (2001). Reading for academic purposes: Guidelines for the ESL/EFL teacher. In M. Celce-Murcia (Ed. ), Teaching English as a second or foreign language (3rd ed. ) (pp. 187-203). Boston: Heinle & Heinle. Multiple Editions of a Book Author, A. A. (Year). Book title: Subtitle after colon (2nd ed. . Location, State Abbreviation: Publisher. Parker, F. , & Riley, K. (2004). Linguistics for non-linguists: A primer with exercises (4th ed. ). Boston: Allyn & Bacon. Book by an Organization Organization Name. (Year). Book title: Subtitle after colon. Location, State Abbreviation: Publisher. American Psychological Association. (2001). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (5th ed. ). Washington, DC: Author. [Here, the organi zation is both the publisher and the author, so the word â€Å"Author† is noted in place of the publisher’s name. Reference Examples: Periodicals Article in a Journal Author, A. A. (Year). Title of article. Journal Title, Volume(Issue), Page numbers. Chappuis, S. , & Stiggins, R. (2002). Classroom assessment for learning. Educational Leadership, 60, 40-43. Arnold, J. B. , & Dodge, H. W. (1994). Room for all. The American School Board Journal, 181(10), 22-26. [The issue number is in parentheses; no space between the volume and issue. ] Article in a Popular Magazine Author, A. A. (Year, Month Day). Article title. Magazine Title, Volume(Issue), Page numbers. Mehta, P. B. (1998, June 6). Exploding myths. New Republic, 290(25), 17-19. Article in a Newspaper Author, A. A. (Year, Month Day). Article title. Newspaper Title, Page numbers. Schwartz, J. (1993, September 30). Obesity affects economic, social status. Washington Post, pp. A1, A4. Online Periodical Article Author, A. A. , Author, B. B. , & Author, C. C. (Year). Title of article. Periodical Title, Volume(Issue), Page numbers. Retrieved Month Day, Year, from URL Smith, B. M. (2004, June). What will you do on summer vacation? Phi Delta Kappan, 85(10), 722. Retrieved August 18, 2004, from http://www. pdkintl. org/kappan/k0406smi. htm Reference Examples: Electronic Resources Document from University or Government Program Web Site Author, A. A. , Author, B. B. , & Author, C. C. (Year). Title of web site. Retrieved Month Day, Year, from Organization Name, Specific Web Page: URL Woodford, R. (n. d. ). Successful practices for students with disabilities. Retrieved August 24, 2004, from US Department of Education, Improve Student Performance: http://www. ed. gov/teachers/how/tools/initiative/summerworkshop/lincolncounty/edlite-slide001. tml Stand-Alone Document Author, A. A. , Author, B. B. , & Author, C. C. (Year). Title of Web site. Retrieved Month Day, Year, from URL Black, C. (2011). Women and addiction: From Betty Ford to Amy Winehouse. Retrieved July 27, 2011, from http://www. psychologytoday. com/blog/the-many-faces-addiction/201107/women-and-addiction-betty-ford-amy-winehouse Stand-Alone Document, No Author or Date Title of page. (n. d. ). Retrieved Month Day, Year, from URL USA swimming. (n. d. ). Retrieved August 24, 2004, from http://www. usaswimming. org/usasweb/DesktopDefault. aspx

Free Essays on The Oration On The Dignity Of Man

Oration-Essay The hand-out, â€Å"Oration on the Dignity of Man†, brings up various and many key points which relate to the ideas and beliefs of the Renaissance period. The article itself expresses Pico’s idea that an individual is limited only by his own visions and is not just a part of the early idea that; man has a sense of natural helplessness. The humanists during the Renaissance period were centered around the new era of art, architecture, and a new way of thought. This new way of thought was implemented during the beginning of the Renaissance period. The Renaissance itself was a time where the people wanted to get re-focused on themselves and their center thought on the human capacity. The period was suppose to open up the idea that you can control what you become, as well as what you are now. The people of the Renaissance strove more to be an individual and stray from the idea that everyone was the same. Individualism during the time before was never a factor. No other cultures had a way of thinking for themselves. The Oration exposes these people to his achievable ideas that man has no limits and should strive to be divine. In also saying that, Pico sends forth the idea that although the â€Å"supreme maker† could give each person the ability to reach goals equally, he could not give each the same results. By expressing that idea the article gives us a sense of competition and for those people to question the unknown. The Renaissance idea of secularism and humanism, made up the who idea of the Renaissance. The idea of humanism caused a disruption with that of religion. Humanists, including Pico, explored the idea of secularism as separate. Humanism deals with the spirituality of a single individuals beliefs. Pico’s article clearly helps us to arrive at that idea by his tone in saying that god created all equal with the same â€Å"intelligence’s†, but it all depended upon the... Free Essays on The Oration On The Dignity Of Man Free Essays on The Oration On The Dignity Of Man Oration-Essay The hand-out, â€Å"Oration on the Dignity of Man†, brings up various and many key points which relate to the ideas and beliefs of the Renaissance period. The article itself expresses Pico’s idea that an individual is limited only by his own visions and is not just a part of the early idea that; man has a sense of natural helplessness. The humanists during the Renaissance period were centered around the new era of art, architecture, and a new way of thought. This new way of thought was implemented during the beginning of the Renaissance period. The Renaissance itself was a time where the people wanted to get re-focused on themselves and their center thought on the human capacity. The period was suppose to open up the idea that you can control what you become, as well as what you are now. The people of the Renaissance strove more to be an individual and stray from the idea that everyone was the same. Individualism during the time before was never a factor. No other cultures had a way of thinking for themselves. The Oration exposes these people to his achievable ideas that man has no limits and should strive to be divine. In also saying that, Pico sends forth the idea that although the â€Å"supreme maker† could give each person the ability to reach goals equally, he could not give each the same results. By expressing that idea the article gives us a sense of competition and for those people to question the unknown. The Renaissance idea of secularism and humanism, made up the who idea of the Renaissance. The idea of humanism caused a disruption with that of religion. Humanists, including Pico, explored the idea of secularism as separate. Humanism deals with the spirituality of a single individuals beliefs. Pico’s article clearly helps us to arrive at that idea by his tone in saying that god created all equal with the same â€Å"intelligence’s†, but it all depended upon the...

Britain in the Thirties essays

Britain in the Thirties essays The book, The Road to Wigan Pier, by George Orwell depicts the life of miners in 1930s Britain. The 1930s in Britain were rough unless you were part of the upper class. The miners and others of that stature were suppressed, by taxes, by other classes, by just about anyone and anything you can possibly think of. It has a very socialistic point of view. Along with Orwell, there were a good number of men in Britain with the same view. The man that published the book, Victor Gollancz, was a socialist as well. Victor Gollancz, born into a Jewish household with a Polish ancestry. Was educated in Britain at Oxford. He left Oxford without a degree and began to develop views of the world with a very Christian moral stance. His first job was at Benn Brothers publishing firm. After learning the ways of the trade, he set off and started Victor Gollancz Ltd. He began to publish socialist books. Gollancz started to climb the ladder of socialist leaders in Britain. The culmination of his socialist status came in 1936 when he, Laski, and Strachey started the Left Book Club. The purpose of the Left Book Club was to spread the word of socialism and anti-fascism. A number of books were published under the production of the Left Book Club. The most famous and monumental was The Road to Wigan Pier. It was an announcement; a signal to all of those that read the book what was wrong with the world and how socialism could make it all right. First off, we have to define socialism and then work from there. Webster defines socialism as, a social system in which the means of producing and distributing goods are owned collectively and political power is exercised by the whole community. The building of the material base for communism under the dictatorship of the proletariat in Marxist-Leninist theory. Taking that definition and Orwells novel, the reason for the socialistic moveme ...

Vatican City Is an Independent Country

Vatican City Is an Independent Country There are eight accepted criteria used to determine whether an entity is an independent country (also known as a State with a capital s) or not. Let us examine these eight criteria in regard to the Vatican City, a tiny (the smallest in the world) country located entirely within the city of Rome, Italy. The Vatican City is the headquarters of the Roman Catholic Church, with over one billion adherents worldwide. Why the Vatican City Counts as a Country 1. Has space or territory that has internationally recognized boundaries (boundary disputes are OK.) Yes, the Vatican City’s boundaries are undisputed even though the country is located entirely within the city of Rome. 2. Has people who live there on an ongoing basis. Yes, the Vatican City is home to approximately 920 full-time residents who maintain passports from their home country and diplomatic passports from the Vatican. Thus, it is as though the entire country is composed of diplomats. In addition to the over 900 residents, approximately 3000 people work at the Vatican City and commute into the country from the greater Rome metropolitan area. 3. Has economic activity and an organized economy. A country regulates foreign and domestic trade and issues money. Somewhat. The Vatican relies on the sale of postage stamps and tourist mementos, fees for admission to museums, and the sale of publications as governmental revenue. The Vatican City issues its own coins. There is not much foreign trade but there is significant foreign investment by the Catholic Church. 4. Has the power of social engineering, such as education. Sure, although there aren’t a lot of kids there! 5. Has a transportation system for moving goods and people. There are no highways, railroads, or airports. The Vatican City is the smallest country in the world. It only has streets within the city, which is 70% of the size of the Mall in Washington D.C. As a landlocked country surrounded by Rome, the country relies on the Italian infrastructure for access to the Vatican City. 6. Has a government that provides public services and police power. Electricity, telephones, and other utilities are provided by Italy. The internal police power of the Vatican City is the Swiss Guards Corps (Corpo della Guardia Svizzera). External defense of the Vatican City against foreign enemies is the responsibility of Italy. 7. Has sovereignty. No other State should have power over the countrys territory. Indeed, and amazingly enough, the Vatican City does have sovereignty. 8. Has external recognition. A country has been voted into the club by other countries. Yes! It is the Holy See which maintains international relations; the term Holy See refers to the composite of the authority, jurisdiction, and sovereignty vested in the Pope and his advisers to direct the worldwide Roman Catholic Church. Created in 1929 to provide a territorial identity for the Holy See in Rome, the State of the Vatican City is a recognized national territory under international law. The Holy See maintains formal diplomatic relations with 174 nations and 68 of these countries maintain permanent resident diplomatic missions accredited to the Holy See in Rome. Most embassies are outside of the Vatican City and are Rome. The other countries have missions located outside Italy with dual accreditation. The Holy See maintains 106 permanent diplomatic missions to nation-states around the world. The Vatican City/Holy See is not a member of the United Nations. They are an observer. Thus, the Vatican City does meet all eight criteria for independent country status so we should consider it as an independent State.

What are the most useful insights that psychology has contributed to Essay

What are the most useful insights that psychology has contributed to the study of foreign policy - Essay Example er of a foreign policy†, according to Morgenthau, â€Å"can be ascertained only through the examination of the political acts performed and of the foreseeable consequences of these acts.† (1978:5). By this, not only the performance of the political leaders could be traced out, but also, from the predictable consequences the objectives of their acts can be surmised. Foreign policy, as a discipline, is as old as human society itself is, though as a study, it is the invention of eighteenth century. â€Å"Foreign policy practice does not come into language†, states Benedict Anderson (1991), â€Å"until Jeremy Bentham coins the term ‘international relations’ in the 18th century†. The world has emerged as an enormous global village in the contemporary era. No country on the planet can survive while living in a state of isolation or without interacting with other countries. In order to meet their everyday needs, all the countries seek out foreign assistance and support. Even the biggest economies of the world devise foreign policy to entail international markets, for not only acquiring raw material and sale their finished products according to their growing needs, but also they look for strategic bondage and diplomatic cohesion more emphatically. In addition, countries seek political, economic and technological backing for the uplift of their nation. Rationalism is the key to construct national and international strategy. Psychology, being one of the most significant disciplines and a vast phenomenon of analysing the mind and perception of an individual and his personality, has won appreciable popularity as the source of scientific examination of human behaviour. It not only determines individual’s attitude and behaviour, but also carries weight while estimating the policies of nations at large. A step taken by a sovereign while co-operating or conflicting with some other state(s) maintain some psychological aspects in its wake. This leads towards the formation of

Arab Springs Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Arab Springs - Assignment Example The small unit is intending to transform itself into a proper fast food restaurant by means of innovative and resourceful strategies. Presently the point is offering few local fast food items to the general public of Cottage Grave. This business plan has been made after making a comprehensive research and evaluating a variety of issues concerning fast food restaurant industry in Minnesota in the city of Cottage Grove. The main purpose and scope of this plan is to provide particular information about the industry and to highlight the critical areas for successful launching of a new fast food restaurant in Minnesota. The data discussed in this business plan is based on some certain facts and has been collected through number of sources. A careful attempt has been made to present real time data, however, this information may change at any time due to occurrence of any changes in the target market, and thus the actual outcomes may differ from the projected results. 1. Mission Statement G eneration of revenue and profit is the main purpose of any organization and same will be for Minnesota Fast Food Restaurant. Since it’s a service provider unit, therefore, customer service is the base of its existence. Our aim is to become the first choice of the customers and make them staying with us again and again. We believe in PEARL as our core value i.e. Passion for excellence in doing everything Execute with positive energy and urgency Accountable for growth in customer satisfaction and profitability Recognize the achievement of others and have fun doing it Listen and more importantly respond to the voice of customer 2. Market Analysis MFFR will operate its business by keeping a target market of very general nature in front of it because Cottage Grove is a small area having a population of only 34,589 in 2010 census According to the census conducted in 2000, there were 9,932 households and 8,462 families living in the Cottage Grove. Our restaurant will address the you th population, between ages 18 to 44 years, as its target market because it is 41.8% of the total population. Population under 18 is almost 32.7% of the total population (Census Redistricting Data, 2010). In Cottage Grove, the per capita income for the city was $28,348 in 2009 (http://www.city-data.com/city/Cottage-Grove-Minnesota.html). The market behavior of US fast food industry is interesting and it has been observed that generally three types of orders are placed in fast food restaurant. These orders are placed with respect to nature of group and family. The figure shown as Appendix-I indicates that lunch and dinner items are having a larger share of the market as 29% of the US fast food industry consists of it. Snack items and related beverages contribute 22 and 21% respectively while hot coffees, breakfast items, and side dishes have a combine share of 28% (Menu Composition Analysis, 2010). Since fast food industry is dominated by several global companies, therefore, MFFR wil l face a strong competition in Minnesota. Presently McDonald, Domino, Yum, Papa John’

Transforming Into a Transformational Leader Dissertation

Transforming Into a Transformational Leader - Dissertation Example One charismatic man, who worked as a mechanic during that time recently traced my brother-in-law as he now owns a multi million dollar company in Africa that is involved in large scale car repair. My brother-in-law inspired a worker but built a leader at the end of it all. I instantly wanted and still want to be just like him, a transformational leader. Transformational leadership is a leadership style that focuses on ensuring change that is revolutionary to an organisation by being committed to the vision of the organisation. Transformational leaders ensure this by redefining employees’ objectives, goals, visions and missions. These leaders renew their subordinates’ commitments and restructure their strategies towards attaining goals by stimulating each other and inspiring their followers to become leaders as leaders grow into moral aides (Sullivan and Decker, 2005). Over the years, I have learnt that emotional intelligence is a prerequisite to any transformational lea der. All the transformational leaders have a high level of emotional intelligence as it is what gives them the ability to accurately perceive and express emotion. Emotional intelligence is what gives transformational leaders the ability to access and generate thought feelings, to understand emotional knowledge and their ability to regulate emotions and ensure intellectual growth. Emotional intelligence incorporates the moral capacity of a leader (Bass, 1990) I would like to mature into the president of my current organisation, Blue Cross Blue Shield. To attain this position I have been cultivating my emotional intelligence where by my self awareness, motivation, self regulation, empathy and social skills. This means that for me to become an excellent transformational leader, I have to develop a high degree of understanding in what I am feeling, what it means and their potential positive or negative repercussions. Emotional intelligence will also support me in attaining measurable re sults when I become the president of Blue Cross Blue Shield. Since I got my job at Blue Cross Blue Shield, my major job description has been to train new and permanent employees to bring out the best in them and upgrading them to my organisation’s assets. I would like to grow further into a leader that put extra influence on employees by expanding the horizons in terms of goals. This would be done by elevating their confidence to perform and deliver more than what their expectations dictate (Conger and Kanungo, 1994). Naturally I am a charismatic fellow who arouses admiration. This is a strong quality that will provide intellectual stimulation, inspire and motivate my employees through the treating them with consideration individually. With expression of this behaviour the, by the time I graduate into the President of Blue Cross Blue Shield I would easily inspire my employees to attain their full maximum potential and display high levels of performance. I also have strong tec hnical skills and intellectual capabilities which would help me guiding employees in technical work. My remarkable high degree of self awareness and emotional intelligence helps me in detecting my strongest and weakest points. This can help in regulation my leadership abilities (Lussier and Achua, 2004). Like my brother-in-law, I have high determination and vision however my weakness lies here because I have not learnt how to use it evaluate my employees

European Presence and Influence in Africa Research Paper

European Presence and Influence in Africa - Research Paper Example Colonization was also a political move by European countries for domination of other weaker nations to exploit the natural and human resources of the land (Koggel 2006)1. Any interaction should, for moral, ethical and practical purpose benefit both sides. If it is imbalanced in favor of one of the parties, then it can be termed as exploitation. History reveals that this interaction benefited the visitors rather than the indigenous people of the land. The paper reviews the influence (both good and bad), the benefits and disadvantages to the people of Africa due to the presence and eventual colonization by Europeans (since 1800 to the present day). The degrading practice of slave trade can be cited as a valid example. This was a period when early explorers like Dr Livingston and Henry Stanley began sending reports of life in the Dark Continent. The paper will focus on two areas in this regard. Firstly a review of the positive (and negative) influence due to the forced and unforced Euro pean presence in the country. It will also look at improvements of the living conditions of the indigenous people as a result despite the existence of a lucrative slavery trade. European presence and influence in Africa – boon or bane Any form of interaction, especially between unequal forces is bound to advantageous to the stronger of the two. But even so, well-meaning and visionary individuals, groups and governments can also create a positive impact and atmosphere. This can be seen in the African continent also. One of the most well-known of early African explorers was Dr David Livingstone who initially went to the land as a missionary and medical man. Dr Livingstone was a Scottish Congregationalist and was affiliated to the London Missionary Society (Craig 2012)2. He arrived in 1841 at the port of Cape Town, but his quest for exploration led him to the interior parts of the continent in 1849 (Livingstone Online n.d.)3. He was shocked by the then existing slave trade (most ly by Arabs and Portuguese) and was very influential in curtailing this practice to a large extent. What is appreciable is that his work was based primarily in the interiors of the continent where other white men were unwilling to venture. The inhospitable terrain, lack of knowledge regarding this, and the inability to communicate with the locals were some of the main reasons for this (Morgan 2007)4. â€Å"Livingston who began his career as a Christian missionary and ultimately became best known as an explorer of the African continent, drew together in his life work these intertwined notions of empire, civilization and trade. From Livingstone’s perspective, market relations remained embedded in human society† (Bowden et al. 2006)5. In other words, Livingstone believed that the African society will benefit from industry and commerce, through cooperation and not by coercion (Bowden et al 2006). But he also believed that Western civilization especially that of Britain is the solution to most of Africa’s problems. This could be seen as an arguable outlook since many atrocities and discriminations had been wreaked upon the natives of the land (Boahen 1990)6. For example, natives who came to cities and towns for jobs were housed in ghetto like conditions. They were paid low wages and could not expect to get better positions in an organization. A Free Trade movement (a loose coalition of like minded people) was also in existence during

Motivation and Happiness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Motivation and Happiness - Essay Example This is illustrated in the motive of peer approval which becomes a motive to the individual to the extent that it satisfies his need of belonging and social recognition. There are common implications in the terminology of motivation whether we speak of it as motive, drive, need, impulse, wish, want id or valence. There is the implied existence of a force, of some degree of intensity that activates and arouses behavior. The object or goal of this force defines its direction. Motives may either be physiological or psychological. Physiological motives drive the individual to meet his body needs for food, water, and sleep. A kindergarten child may not be attentive in the class because he is malnourished or he did not eat breakfast. A college student cannot concentrate on the class discussions for he was sleepless the night before. Psychological needs, those that are not basically physiological are more numerous and have more variations depending on the theory that one subscribes to. It is generally accepted that psychological need cannot be separated from physiological needs. The two are interdependent. Each affects the other. Maslow's theory is consistent with the basic objectives of the teaching-learning process in particular and of the educational system in general, that is, to develop the potentials of the learners. The theory states that self-actualization cannot be achieved unless the lower levels of needs are satisfied. Thus, the learners' biological needs must be met. The student must feel that he belongs to the group. He must have self-esteem before he can self-actualize. An atmosphere conducive to the meeting of these needs is important. No fast rules can be stated here. But suffice to say that the teacher's awareness of his pupils' need cannot be overemphasized. His ingenuity to create situations facilitative of self-actualization is thereby challenged. Of course, there are hindrances to this such as big classes that make it difficult for the teacher to recognize individual differences and heavy teaching loads that may take away the teacher from the learners. When man wants to attain happiness and freedom, man has to satisfy his needs and motivation transpires giving the person enough reason to reach for his goals. With the Brave New World, freedom is being discussed in relation to social stratification and social order. Motives, wants and needs and also drives often spoken of interrelatedly may be broken into classifications as physiological and psychological motives. The physiological motives are also referred to as biological, organic, primary or basic. A large part of man's activity is devoted to the maintenance of bodily needs - the need for food, water, air, excretion, sleep, activtity, shelter and sexual needs. These comprise the first stage in Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Man is attracted towards states which are pleasant and draws away from stimulations which are unpleasant. Man naturally looks for relationships that are warm and affectionate. During infancy, this need is very often satisfied by loving parents who provide the warm emotional security that will etermine to a large extent, later personal adjustments in life. In Huxley's work, "All members of society are conditioned with the values that the World State idealizes. Children are trained to

Is it possible to find any common ground between different identities Research Proposal

Is it possible to find any common ground between different identities in Turkey via Rawls' theories - Research Proposal Example Introduction Conflict has always existed in society and it always will. It is an instance which is not directly a result or victim of any social phenomenon or occurrence, but rather a combination of factors over time. Theorists have come to believe that contributions to an engaged, politically aware form of multicultural theorizing may cast some light on political debate and public policy making. Not surprisingly, classical liberals such as Hayek (1976) insist that the contemporary liberal fixation on ‘the mirage of social justice’ leads them to ignore the way that freedom depends on a decentralized market based on private property, the overall results of which are unpredictable. Similarly, Robert Nozick (1974: 160ff) famously argued that attempts to ensure that market transactions conform to a specific pattern of holdings will involve constant interferences with individual freedom. No idealistic policy will address all of the needs of everyone, but instead will institut e the greater good for society. A utopian society is the society that accepts this fact. A nation whose people are in riotous turmoil, such as Turkey, challenges this truth; declaring human nature and human imperfections as unjust. Not only can human rights be violated, but also used to exploit or institute other agendas. John Rawls views human rights as being constructed by reasonable people living together in a society. Rawls presents a more compassionate view of human rights, one with the greatest degrees of individual liberty and equality, while maintaining these rights for all. The state should distribute everything, including benefits, equally; unless an unequal distribution would benefit the poorer classes. The work of John Rawls is absolutely central in terms of the nature of reason, equality, justice or pluralism. It inspired us to consider how his principles might actually enlighten political issues arising in contemporary liberal democratic societies. The values of a gove rning agency can contrast with the personal values of the people. In many instances, only the outcome can determine whether the decisions were the right ones. In some instances, none of the choices seem appropriate. Regardless of the size or impact of the conflict, ethical decisions challenge the best of us, and ‘the right thing to do’ may elude common logic. This paper will address cultural diversity in the Turkish society and the view of John Rawls’ view of justice as a political conception. 1.1 Multiculturalism Multiculturalism is one of the most controversial issues of social justice in liberal democracies. Government and financial entities consist of culture, environment, strategies, and traits. The level of Values are reflected in a country’s culture. The most changing attributes are culture and traits. Cultures, traits and environments deviate from time to time, but not so far as to lose their original attributes. According to Cheeseman, the followi ng standards should be implemented at all times (Cheeseman, 2010): Keep the peace and shape moral standards Promote social justice and maintain status quo Facilitate planning and orderly change Provide basis for compromise 90% Maximize individual freedom Minorities increasingly demand recognition and in some cases special rights and these demands are demands of justice. The line of

Motivation and Happiness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Motivation and Happiness - Essay Example This is illustrated in the motive of peer approval which becomes a motive to the individual to the extent that it satisfies his need of belonging and social recognition. There are common implications in the terminology of motivation whether we speak of it as motive, drive, need, impulse, wish, want id or valence. There is the implied existence of a force, of some degree of intensity that activates and arouses behavior. The object or goal of this force defines its direction. Motives may either be physiological or psychological. Physiological motives drive the individual to meet his body needs for food, water, and sleep. A kindergarten child may not be attentive in the class because he is malnourished or he did not eat breakfast. A college student cannot concentrate on the class discussions for he was sleepless the night before. Psychological needs, those that are not basically physiological are more numerous and have more variations depending on the theory that one subscribes to. It is generally accepted that psychological need cannot be separated from physiological needs. The two are interdependent. Each affects the other. Maslow's theory is consistent with the basic objectives of the teaching-learning process in particular and of the educational system in general, that is, to develop the potentials of the learners. The theory states that self-actualization cannot be achieved unless the lower levels of needs are satisfied. Thus, the learners' biological needs must be met. The student must feel that he belongs to the group. He must have self-esteem before he can self-actualize. An atmosphere conducive to the meeting of these needs is important. No fast rules can be stated here. But suffice to say that the teacher's awareness of his pupils' need cannot be overemphasized. His ingenuity to create situations facilitative of self-actualization is thereby challenged. Of course, there are hindrances to this such as big classes that make it difficult for the teacher to recognize individual differences and heavy teaching loads that may take away the teacher from the learners. When man wants to attain happiness and freedom, man has to satisfy his needs and motivation transpires giving the person enough reason to reach for his goals. With the Brave New World, freedom is being discussed in relation to social stratification and social order. Motives, wants and needs and also drives often spoken of interrelatedly may be broken into classifications as physiological and psychological motives. The physiological motives are also referred to as biological, organic, primary or basic. A large part of man's activity is devoted to the maintenance of bodily needs - the need for food, water, air, excretion, sleep, activtity, shelter and sexual needs. These comprise the first stage in Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Man is attracted towards states which are pleasant and draws away from stimulations which are unpleasant. Man naturally looks for relationships that are warm and affectionate. During infancy, this need is very often satisfied by loving parents who provide the warm emotional security that will etermine to a large extent, later personal adjustments in life. In Huxley's work, "All members of society are conditioned with the values that the World State idealizes. Children are trained to

Madrigal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Madrigal - Essay Example It was a through-composed setting of a short poem. It also recalls a strophic song with a ritornello (refrain)- the trecento madrigal. Madrigals of the early 16th-century had no refrains or any other features of the old formes fixes, having sequential repetitions of musical and textual phrases. The original music is suited to the rhythm and sense of the words accompanied each line of poetry. Four-voice settings of the madrigals were a trend approximately during 1520 to 1550 but eventually a five-vocal sets became a rule after the middle of the century and settings for six or more parts were not unusual. The word "voices" is to be taken literally: the madrigal was a piece of vocal chamber music intended performance with one singer to a part. As a style of the 16th century, however, instruments often took their part or simply doubled the voices. In the early madrigal period the major, Italian composers who were active in Florence were the Franco-Fleming Philippe Verdelot and the Italians Bernardo Pisano and Francesco de Layolle and Verdelot, Pisano and Constanzo Festa, active in Rome. Adrian Willaert and Jacquez Arcadelt also became popular in Venice which is another early center. Frottola-like textures of the earliest madrigals were embodied in the works of Pisano and Festa and the four-voice pieces by Verdelot.

Prevention of Gastrointestinal Cancer Dietary Changes

Prevention of Gastrointestinal Cancer Dietary Changes Discuss how dietary modification represents a platform for the prevention of gastrointestinal cancer Abstract Gastric cancer provides a good alternative to show the association of pathogenesis in the gastrointestinal tract and dietary modification. High salt intake and n-nitroso compounds have been identified in having a very strong relationship in the promotion of gastric cancer. The synergy between Helicobacter pylori and these dietary modifications elevates the chances of gastric cancer. Salt consumption leads to the inflammation of the stomach lining and it increases the colonisation of Helicobacter pylori which can cause the upregulation of iNos, COX-2 and CagA which cause increase the risk of gastric cancer. Similarly, H.pylori increases the chances of the formation of the carcinogenic n-nitroso compounds via increase nitrosation. Also, the reduction of Vitamin C, which acts as a free radical scavenger causes an increase in nitrosation which can ultimately increase gastric cancer. Ultimately, dietary modifications do play an integral role in the pathogenesis in gastrointestinal cancer.    Introduction Absorption, motility and digestion are some of the major physiological processes which take place in the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, the association modification of diet may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal cancer. The gastrointestinal tract starts from the alimentary canal in the mouth to the anus provides a vast opportunity to explore the relationship between dietary modification and different types of cancers. However, focusing on one specific cancer allows the identification of the depth in which dietary modification can provide a stable preventive mechanism. Gastric cancer is the fifth most common cancer in the world. (1) It is the third most common cause of cancer mortality due to the overall late symptoms being identified and therefore, lower prognosis.(1) Therefore it is imperative that dietary modification is implemented so that there is early prevention of gastric cancer and a higher life expectancy. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a known carcinogenic, which increased the risk of gastric cancer via chronic inflammation. (2) H. pylori situates in the stomach and this is a strong link between diet and gastric cancer as it can directly affect the microenvironment of the stomach. Salt Sodium is one of the most important electrolytes in the modulation of plasma osmolality and body fluid volume. (3) The regulation of sodium in the body was much easier 5000 years ago, as the dietary sodium levels were much lower than modern times; Salt is now more exposed in our diet and it is often used in preservation techniques. (4) understanding some of the mechanism in which salt is used in the development in food may allow the association between gastric cancer and salt to be identified; high sodium concentrations in the stomach has been associated with inflammation and mucosal damage; this is turn may cause an increase in mutation and increase proliferation of cells leading to gastric cancer. REF Mechanisms There are many mechanisms which show the link between salt intake and gastric cancer. Infection of bacteria like H. pylori and high dietary salt intake can cause inflammation, leading to a higher rate of colonisation of H. pylori. (5) The high salt intake caused a decrease in gland mucous cell mucin. (6) A rat study showed that high dietary salt intake leads to a reduction in the cell yield and an increase in cells which were in the S phase. This increases the cancer risk as it increases the chances of mutations and therefore formation of gastric cancer. (7) In gerbils, in the presence of H. pylori and high dietary salt, the upregulation of iNOS and COX-2. (8) This upregulation has been theorised to enhance the effect of H. pylori and subsequently promote the pathogenesis of gastric cancer. (9) In addition, high salt intake also leads to the upregulation of CagA which enables the gene to be able to promote H.pylori with the ability to alter the function of the parietal cells.(10) Hig h salt intake can also consequently induce hypergastrinemia. (6) The combination of H. pylori and hypergastrinemia may lead to the progression of gastric cancer as it may contribute to a decrease in parietal cells. Humans contain two types of gastric mucins: surface mucous cell mucin (SMCM) and gland mucous cell mucin (GMCM).(11) A study by Hidaka et al (12), showed that H.pylori only attached to the surface mucous epithelial cells. The penetration of only one type of gastric mucin is due to the upregulation of the GMCM against the H.pylori infection. (13) This displays that there are two mechanisms in which salt can potentially increase the risk of gastric cancer. A direct mechanism is the increase in cell proliferation due to the mucosal injury by the H. pylori. The indirect mechanism is to provide support in the immediate environment of the stomach to increase colonization of H. pylori. A study by Furihata et al (14) showed that there was damage to the gastric tissue when hypotonic NaCl solution was administered. Although the damage was temporarily and the tissue was back to its original state within one-two days, it is important to consider that prolonged exposure to high salt intake will c ause excessive damage and therefore increased the risk of carcinogenesis in the gastric tissue. Epidemiological case cohort studies Kato et al. (6) demonstrates that salt does support gastric malignancies in a dose-dependent factor when H. pylori is present. Although this result was achieved in an animal study, this relationship can be used to express the idea that a reduction in salt and salty food can decrease gastric cancer in humans. Therefore, considering a study by Tsugane et al. (15) up to 12% of salt is consumed in dietary sources such as pickled vegetables, preserved fish and salted fish. The synergistic behaviour of salt with H. pylori exposes the importance in the prevention of a high dietary salt intake to prevent the onset of gastric cancer. DElia et al (16) showed that moderately-high and high salt intake increased the chances of gastric cancer by 41% and 68% respectively, when compared to low salt intake. Japanese individuals who were habitually inclined to consume salt-rich foods had a higher risk of gastric cancer; with the consumption of pickled foods, salted fish and processed meats, there was an increased risk of 27% , 24% and 24% respectively. (16) A study showed that the association with individuals having a gastric cancer screening is lower in individuals with higher salt intakes.(17) Therefore, in this epidemiology study, it can be identified that the Korean population may not be aware of the consequences of a high salt diet; Therefore, a better delivery in the consequences of dietary salt intake may lead to more gastric cancer screening and potentially show an indirect decrease in the rate of gastric cancers in the population. N-nitroso compounds N-nitroso compounds (nocs) are found both in exogenous sources as well as endogenous synthesis in the body; exogenous synthesis is based upon the consumption of food sources such as processed meat and pickled vegetables. (18) The endogenous synthesis of nocs take place via nitrosation of amides by nitrite based nitrosation gents. (19) The endogenous synthesis is potentially caused by the haem group in red meat. (20) Nocs have been found to be carcinogenic (18); this allows us to have an insight into mechanisms in which carcinogenic compounds may interact in the stomach and cause gastric cancer. Mechanisms The mechanisms which link nocs and nitration described allows a powerful insight into some of the potential processes that are modulated in the prognosis and progression of gastric cancer; this allows us to identify the food sources that may potentiate the advancement of gastric cancer and therefore allow dietary modification to prevent gastric cancer. There are several mechanisms which allow nitrosation and consequently the formation of nocs to take place. Firstly, nitrosation is more likely to take place in a more acidic stomach. (21) There is also synergy of nitrosation at low vitamin C levels. (21) Secondly, inflammatory conditions are developed in the stomach in the presence of H. pylori when nitrosation takes place. (22) Lastly, Individuals who are exposed to high concentrations of nocs have a higher potential risk in acquiring gastric cancer (18). Epidemiological case cohort studies A study by Jakszyn et al. (23) has shown an increase in faecal nocs with the consumption of red meat. This has been observed by the reaction involving haemoglobin and myoglobin which reacts with nitric oxide to produce nocs which exist in the upper gastrointestinal tract. The results show that H. pylori infection increases nitric oxide due to the bacterial response being counteracted by macrophages; this will in effect cause an increase in nitrosation due to the high nitric oxide concentrations and subsequently allow high colonisation of h pylori. The red meat therefore does increase the risk of gastric cancer and this is also supported by other studies. (24) Having high levels of vitamin C may potentially prevent the onset of gastric cancer as it acts as a free radical scavenger and it enhances the mucosal formation; This reduces the synthesis of nocs and inhibits the optimum environment for H. pylori reducing cell proliferation of H. pylori. (25) The H. pylori counteracts this by c ausing inflammation of the stomach, causing a decrease of in the secretion of vitamin C in the lumen. (25) This exemplifies the synergistic relationship between reduced vitamin C levels and H. pylori in causing gastric acid; hence an increase in vitamin C should theoretically reduce the colonisation of H. pylori as well as the formation of nocs. A study by Xu et al. (18) shows the association between gastric cancer and nocs accurately using cofactors from endogenous nitrosation. The precursors of nocs such as nitrite, nitrate and 4 nocs were measured in urine. Firstly, the results showed a strong significant positive correlation with urinary nitrate and the risk of gastric cancer risk with negative igG antibodies for H. pylori. (18) Secondly, there were also increased levels of nitrite with the presence of H. pylori. (18) Finally, it also showed a link between alcohol consumption and some specific nocs. (18) The results highlight that there is a direct relationship between the formation of nocs and pathogenesis of gastric cancer. The addition of H. pylori synergistically allows the advancement of nitrosation and formation of nocs in the stomach. It also showed that decreased alcohol consumption may lead to a decrease in the formation of gastric cancer as there would be less carcinogenic nocs forming. Interestingly, this stud y has also shown a significantly inverse association with pickled vegetables and urinary nitrate levels. (18) Pickled vegetables contain nitrate reductase which can reduce nitrate to nitrite; Thereby causing a reduction in the nitrosation process, leading to less nocs synthesised. (18) Ultimately, this study shows the significant relationship between exogenous dietary sources such as red meat, alcohol should be limited to prevent gastric cancer. Conclusion The association between dietary modification and the prevention of gastric cancer is very high. Avoiding processed meat such as red meat which are high in n-nitroso compounds and food sources which are high in dietary salt can prevent damage to the mucosal lining of the stomach and prevent mutations. Interestingly, pickled vegetables have specifically shown many implications in the prevention of gastric cancer. Although, pickled vegetables do have a high salt intake and therefore would increase the risk of gastric cancer by inflammation of the mucosal lining, it does contain a bacteria called nitrate reductase which is able to reduce the processes of nitrosation, enabling less carcinogenic n-nitroso compounds to form and therefore, a decrease the number of mutagenic events in the stomach. This highlights variation of dietary modification as they may play a different role in different mechanistic pathways in the gastrointestinal tract. Dietary modification consequently can provide a s trong supportive role in the prevention of gastrointestinal cancer by the effects seen in the microcosm of the stomach. References 1. World Cancer Research Fund / American Institute for Cancer Research. Diet, nutrition, physical activity and stomach cancer. 2016; 2. Sepulveda AR. Helicobacter, Inflammation, and Gastric Cancer. Curr Pathobiol Rep. 2013 Mar 2;1(1):9-18. 3. Antunes-Rodrigues JJ, de Castro M, Elias LLK, Valenca MM, McCann SM, Valenà §a MM, et al. Neuroendocrine control of body fluid metabolism. Physiol Rev. 2004;84(1):169-208. 4. Cordain L, Eaton SB, Miller JB, Mann N, Hill K. The paradoxical nature of hunter-gatherer diets: meat-based, yet non-atherogenic. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2002 Mar;56 Suppl 1:S42-52. 5. Fox JG, Dangler CA, Taylor NS, King A, Koh TJ, Wang TC. High-salt diet induces gastric epithelial hyperplasia and parietal cell loss, and enhances Helicobacter pylori colonization in C57BL/6 mice. Cancer Res. 1999;59(19):4823-8. 6. Kato S, Tsukamoto T, Mizoshita T, Tanaka H, Kumagai T, Ota H, et al. High salt diets dose-dependently promote gastric chemical carcinogenesis in Helicobacter pylori-infected Mongolian gerbils associated with a shift in mucin production from glandular to surface mucous cells. Int J Cancer. 2006;119(7):1558-66. 7. Charnley G, Tannenbaum SR. Flow cytometric analysis of the effect of sodium chloride on gastric cancer risk in the rat. Cancer Res. 1985;45(11 II):5608-16. 8. Toyoda T, Tsukamoto T, Hirano N, Mizoshita T, Kato S, Takasu S, et al. Synergistic upregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 in gastric mucosa of mongolian gerbils by a high-salt diet and Helicobacter pylori infection. Histol Histopathol. 2008;23(5):593-9. 9. Nozaki K, Shimizu N, Inada K, Tsukamoto T, Inoue M, Kumagai T, et al. Synergistic promoting effects of Helicobacter pylori infection and high-salt diet on gastric carcinogenesis in Mongolian gerbils. Jpn J Cancer Res. 2002 Oct;93(10):1083-9. 10. Loh JT, Torres VJ, Cover TL. Regulation of Helicobacter pylori cagA expression in response to salt. Cancer Res. 2007 May 15;67(10):4709-15. 11. Ota H, Katsuyama T. Alternating laminated array of two types of mucin in the human gastric surface mucous layer. Histochem J. 1992;24(2):86-92. 12. Hidaka E, Ota H, Hidaka H, Hayama M, Matsuzawa K, Akamatsu T, et al. Helicobacter pylori and two ultrastructurally distinct layers of gastric mucous cell mucins in the surface mucous gel layer. Gut. 2001;49:474-80. 13. Matsuzwa M, Ota H, Hayama M, Zhang MX, Sano K, Honda T, et al. Helicobacter pylori infection up-regulates gland mucous cell-type mucins in gastric pyloric mucosa. Helicobacter. 2003 Dec;8(6):594-600. 14. Furihata C, Ohta H, Katsuyama T. Cause and effect between concentration-dependent tissue damage and temporary cell proliferation in rat stomach mucosa by NaCl, a stomach tumor promoter. Carcinogenesis. 1996;17(3):401-6. 15. Tsugane S, Sasazuki S, Kobayashi M, Sasaki S. Salt and salted food intake and subsequent risk of gastric cancer among middle-aged Japanese men and women. Br J Cancer. 2004;90(1):128-34. 16. DElia L, Rossi G, Ippolito R, Cappuccio FP, Strazzullo P. Habitual salt intake and risk of gastric cancer: A meta-analysis of prospective studies. Clin Nutr. 2012;31(4):489-98. 17. Shin JY, Kim J, Choi KS, Suh M, Park B, Jun JK. Relationship between salt preference and gastric cancer screening: An analysis of a nationwide survey in Korea. Cancer Res Treat. 2016;48(3):1037-44. 18. Xu L, Qu YH, Chu X Di, Wang R, Nelson HH, Gao YT, et al. Urinary levels of N-nitroso compounds in relation to risk of gastric cancer: Findings from the Shanghai cohort study. PLoS One. 2015;10(2):1-16. 19. Calmels S, Ohshima H, Rosenkranz H, McCoy E, Bartsch H. Biochemical studies on the catalysis of nitrosation by bacteria. Carcinogenesis. 1987 Aug;8(8):1085-8. 20. Lunn JC, Kuhnle G, Mai V, Frankenfeld C, Shuker DEG, Glen RC, et al. The effect of haem in red and processed meat on the endogenous formation of N-nitroso compounds in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Carcinogenesis. 2007;28(3):685-90. 21. Suzuki H, Iijima K, Moriya a, Mcelroy K, Scobie G, Fyfe V, et al. Conditions for acid catalysed luminal nitrosation are maximal at the gastric cardia. Gut. 2003;52(8):1095-101. 22. Mirvish SS. Role of N-nitroso compounds (NOC) and N-nitrosation in etiology of gastric, esophageal, nasopharyngeal and bladder cancer and contribution to cancer of known exposures to NOC. Cancer Lett. 1995;93(1):17-48. 23. Jakszyn P, Bingham S, Pera G, Agudo A, Luben R, Welch A, et al. Endogenous versus exogenous exposure to N-nitroso compounds and gastric cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC-EURGAST) study. Carcinogenesis. 2006;27(7):1497-501. 24. Gonzà ¡lez CA, Jakszyn P, Pera G, Agudo A, Bingham S, Palli D, et al. Meat intake and risk of stomach and esophageal adenocarcinoma within the European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). J Natl Cancer Inst. 2006 Mar 1;98(5):345-54. 25. Zhang ZW, Farthing MJ. The roles of vitamin C in Helicobacter pylori associated gastric carcinogenesis. Chin J Dig Dis. 2005;6(2):53-8.

The Jellyfish Dystopia Essay -- Ecology

Earth’s environment is a complex construction with multiple parts that are all important to its success. Even creatures like jellyfish cannot be ignored when considering this delicate construction. As humans manipulate the environment, conditions are beginning to favor jellyfish and promote large population explosions. The effects of these large populations have a myriad of effects on humans and can be applied to ecological dynamics found in Margaret Atwood’s A Handmaid’s Tale. The manipulation of the environment by humans is the first factor that has begun to promote the jellyfish dystopia. As humans change the environment, conditions are beginning to favor jellyfish. In an environment that largely favors them, a population explosion and accompanying jellyfish dystopia is inevitable. These population explosions are a great leap toward the jellyfish dystopia. Throughout the marine environment, humans have begun overfishing in multiple marine environments. This opens niches in the oceanic food webs. These niches, or spaces in the food webs, result from the removal of predators that would previously control the jellyfish population (Stone). In the absence of their predators, the jellyfish population is free to expand and forms blooms, or large jellyfish populations. The jellyfish themselves then prevent the native fish population from rebounding by feeding on the fish eggs (Stone). Human proceed to fish in these areas again, and the jellyfish predation decr eases to a greater degree. Humans also improve conditions for jellyfish as we allow pollution levels to rise. Devices like cars are contributors to the carbon dioxide levels. As the CO2 levels rise, this also affects the oceans. They slowly are becoming more acidic and becomin... ...er what manipulating this environment may due to the jellyfish. Unfortunately, in many cases we are improving conditions for them and as a result degrading our own situation. Works Cited Blomberg, Lindsey. "The Great Jellyfish Invasion." E: The Environmental Magazine 23.1 (2012): 16-17. Academic Search Complete. Web. 1 May 2012. Pauly, Daniel. "Aquacalypse Now." The New Republic. Mike Rancilio, 9 Sept. 2009. Web. 01 May 2012. Tucker, Abigail. "The New King Of The Sea." Smithsonian 41.4 (2010): 26-37. Academic Search Complete. Web. 1 May 2012. Stone, Richard. "Massive Outbreak of Jellyfish Could Spell Trouble for Fisheries." Yale Environment 360. Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies, 13 Jan. 2011. Web. 01 May 2012. Vince, Gaia. "Jellyfish Blooms Creating Oceans of Slime." BBC.com. British Broadcasting Company, 5 Apr. 2012. Web. 1 May 2012.

Comparing The Buried Life and A Room Of Ones Own :: comparison compare contrast essays

Comparing The Buried Life and A Room Of One's Own      Ã‚  Ã‚   Victorian writers did ask difficult and unsettling questions, and the modern writers continued on with the quest to display these unsettling thoughts and feelings in their works even more so. You can see this continuing easy from "The Buried Life," to the ideas of "A Room Of One's Own."    In "The Buried Life," Arnold questions why men in society bury their emotions and innermost thoughts from one another like they are the only one's with these qualities, even though every man has them: "I knew the mass of men concealed their thoughts, for fear that if they revealed they would by other men be met with blank indifference, or with blame reproved; I knew they lived and moved tricked in disguises, alien to the rest of men, and alien to themselves--and yet the same heart beats in every human breast" (p.2021). He doesn't understand why this is the case, and believes humanity would be better if we let this buried life out of its cage to be free, freeing us to be our true selves. The way to reach this goal is through open love by a fellow human being: "When a beloved hand is placed on ours...the heart lies plain, and what we mean, we say" (p. 2201).    In "A Room Of One's Own," Woolf questions society's view on how geniuses of art are created. She shows that this is a natural gift, but it is one that can either be stifled or let prosper and grow, depending on how the members in society rule and treat the artist with the gift. She says that these artists need to be allowed to garner in knowledge in order to feed their ideas for their art, and they must be allowed to be free in mind and spirit so that they can create their masterpieces: "The mind of an artist, in order to achieve the prodigious effort of freeing whole and entire the work that is in him, must be incandescent...There must be no obstacle in it, no foreign matter unconsumed" (p. 2472).    As you can see, both of these works question society in the matter of chaining up it's members true feelings and ideas.

Express and Courier Industry

Global express and courier industry overview Introduction The primary business of the express industry is the delivery of time-sensitive shipments, typically with a transit time of two to three days. These are delivered mainly by air and ground. The industry has been witnessing significant growth as a result of the constant rise in demand for express and courier services over the last decade across user industries, including manufacturing, pharmaceutical, financial services and high-tech sectors. In the last decade, the advent of e-commerce business models and their subsequent penetration along with increasing demand from the financial services sector contributed to strong industry growth. Most companies provide an additional range of activities besides pure transportation, including online tracking of shipments, online payment collection and insurance facilities. However, in recent times, the industry has witnessed a deceleration in growth as a result of rising fuel costs and reduced demand from user industries due to the global economic slowdown. Major players Traditionally, due to low demand and high costs of operation, the express industry has been dominated by national postal departments. While some of them still continue to be dominant in their respective national markets, others have evolved into larger regional and global players with multi-modal operations such as Deutsche Post World Net (which also operates DHL) and La Poste. Globally, the industry is dominated by the big four — Deutsche Post World Net (DHL), FedEx, United Postal Service (UPS) and TNT, all of which have strong multi-modal arms with worldwide operations. Key markets The US is the single largest market for express services, followed by Europe and the Asia–Pacific region. In recent years, the Asia-Pacific region has experienced tremendous growth, largely attributed to increased demand for express and courier services in China and India as well as sustained demand growth in Japan, Korea and Australia. Strong economic growth and increased international trade due to manufacturing outsourcing from the western countries has particularly resulted in the fast-growing demand for express and courier in India and China. Key challenges Rising fuel prices: Rising fuel costs have been the biggest concern of the express and courier industry globally over the past two years. Rising fuel costs have affected the industry directly via an increase in input costs and also indirectly by hampering growth prospects due to decreased demand from user industries. Environmental concerns: As part of the transport industry, the express industry has also come under renewed pressure from both environmental groups and governments to lower its carbon footprint. Environmental laws have necessitated increased usage of vehicles run on alternative fuel to transport and deliver shipments across the globe. DHL, UPS and FedEx have begun to deploy vehicles run on alternative fuel for deliveries and collection, especially in the mature US market. Outlook Over the past two years, the global express market has been reeling under the pressure of rising fuel and transportation costs and decrease in demand from the western countries. However, demand for express services is set to rise over the medium term with sustained growth of the Chinese and Indian economies. Over the longer term, the industry is expected to witness the emergence of large integrated players in the emerging markets of China and India. The market is expected to witness consolidation activities and a shift toward third-party logistics (3PL) and fourth-party logistics (4PL) players.

My ordinal day at college Essay

My ordinal day at college is an grave event of my existence. To me it is an memorable day. During my education days I had a looking of college lifespan from my beverage brothers and sisters. I was most peculiarly waiting the day when I would begin my college spirit. I mentation that the college sprightliness would request me a issue being; here restrictions would be few and threat of teachers would be soft. At inalterable the longed for day came in. I was admitted to the Government College of my city. I entered the college premises with new hopes and aspirations. I was glad to see that the college presented a new grasp. It was quite diametric from what I had seen in and around our schooltime. I came crossways galore dishonorable faces. I had whatever real fantastical experiences on the forward day of my college brio. I was befuddled to see students activity inside and exterior games and enjoying receiver programmes during class-hours. There is no regulating of homogenous. I observed that the students are unloosen in their movements. They can do things according to their pick. I institute all the new admitted students in squealing intoxicant. They were all joyful to straighten Mends. I emotional say the college. I was rattling some delighted to see the noble depository of the college where I could find books on real field. The college laboratory overexcited my wonder on the really basic day and I got raring to accomplish experiments there. I noted pile the time-table of’ my categorise from the note {school. Apiece dominate is taught by a special educator. Questions are not asked in the classes. Professors do not reproval the students if they miscarry to, inform their lessons. They but verify the students to be sentient of their responsibilities. The students judge here a homey atmosphere which they need n the refine. For this, they reason painless and prosperous here. Read more: Essay On MY FIRST DAY AT COLLEGE Full Essay http://www.friendsmania.net/forum/essay-writing-notes-applications-letters/251688.htm#ixzz37JQ6CozN http://sekho.com.pk/educational-articles/my-first-day-at-college/ http://ue.edu.pk/fee_schedule.asp

Internet Banking Essay

Therefore, since U. K. consumers have used to browsing and shopping online, there are factors that U. K. mobile carriers should pay attention. The factors are to find and collaborate with mobile commerce providers so that they can boost the M-Commerce traffic and thus, revenue. The potential of conducting mobile commerce in the U. K. also bases on the facts that the country has many mobile subscribers. According to International Telecommunication Union (2006), U. K. has 61 million of mobile customers as of January 2006. If 20% of the customers (15 million users) are active subscribers of M-commerce with average spending $100 per month. Therefore, the market for mobile commerce in the UK is $18 billion per year. The condition highlight that mobile commerce is attractive service that mobile service providers like Vodafone must develop by collaborating with merchants and content providers (cp) that build the mobile commerce applications. The development of m-commerce is also backed up by the recent development on 3G (third generation) mobile technology that gives opportunity for subscribers to have faster access to browse internet via mobile phones and conduct m-commerce transaction. British Telecom, for example, estimates that in 2002 they have about 150,000 customers of broadband services that is potential to be the active users of mobile commerce (Verdin, 2002) Recent progress and invention in mobile and wireless technologies has caused the shifting paradigm shift from desktop computers to mobile devices. Recently, it is usual to find consumers using their Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs), smart phones, and notebooks that strengthen the facts that business has gone mobile so that the consumers can do all things over wireless gadgets the same with doing by desktop computer (Intel, 2004). The improvement in mobile devices capability also attracts customers to buy new phones and new customers segment that also target teenagers. This condition becomes issues for telecommunication companies and content providers to develop new killing applications besides voice communication that will increase the corporate revenue. The new application is data communication that comes in many forms. Concerning data communications, this paper has discussed several issues/challenges and opportunities in UK mobile telephone industry. To be specific, the point of discussion is about the development of mobile commerce (M-Commerce) that takes advantages of increasing number of mobile users and the development of computer technology. References American National Bank. (2001). Internet Banking Features & Benefits. Retrieved December 13, 2007 from http://www. americannationalbank. com/i_features. cfm Arthur D. Little Int. Gmbh. (2001). Key Success Factors for M-Commerce. Presentation for Berlecon Research