Abusing power

Abusing of power Introduction Handing too much power can gain lots of benefits to organizations' own. People would be define that power are an evil force which can only compromise and obedience. If not Justify the power for an organization, corrupt and uncooperative works could be occurred. Such a view, Prefer (1992, pop), noted that while held by many, ignore the social reality that organizations cannot function effectively because of abusing of power. This issue tells the characteristics that organizations or people who abused power would have and measures the power are good using or abused.Analysis Power is an authority use to influence others that who are independent in circumstance. It can act In any direction in an organization, clearly members at higher levels have more power. Members who abused power, means the power acted in an improper way, due to the members have power that over others in the situation. They try to use their unique ablest such as physical strength, social position, knowledge, superior mental dexterity or partner trust to uses that power to harm or exploit people who are not Influenced. Organizational politics are Informal, unofficial, and sometimes behind-the-scenes efforts to sell ideas, influence an organization, increase power, or achieve other targeted objective. † (Brandon, R & Salesman, M. , 2004). Actually, organizational politics are closely related to abuse of power in theory. The writer considered that while interest are eventually inconsistent, â€Å"rational† decision making alone may not work as common. Hence, political behavior and influences tactics might occurred.Organizations may use these disapproved tactics to pursue not-sanctioned outcome, leads to abusing of power. Gangs and Murray did a survey of 428 managers that would like to response explain the ambivalence of power In organizations. This survey Improved the upper part of the Issue that organizational politics and power abusive are related. In th e concept, most author, the writer Includes, regard organizational politics as the use or exercise of power, with it define as potential force as well.The survey noted that 55% of these respondent think that politics were detrimental to efficiency, and most of the top management should try to get avoid of politics in organizations Offer Gangs and Victor V, Murray, 1980, IPPP-IPPP People would also suggest that means and ends of the organizational politics could be ambivalence because of the processes and trainees may produce an outcome they desirable or totally opposite result arises. In addition, for the related point which the issue proposed, the view from which people estimate organizational decisions generally do not Justice to the realities of the social environment. The Impeachment of Tony Blair would form a fitting end too prime minister ship which opened with the promise to be ‘purer than pure', but ended in the arrogant deception of the British people. This ancient fo rm of trial, which has lain disused but not defunct In the armory with which we defend our liberties, Is the means by which Parliament can humble a chief minister who has arrogated forms which ought to have restrained him. â€Å"(Spectator, 2004). There is no doubt that influence and power could be exercised and gained for evil purpose.Tony Blair has a number of lines of defenses to make people compromise him that reads the evidence presented by Adam Price, acted in good faith to convince them and, he bring up a right result, even if the reasons which he declared for doing it were wrong. This showed up Tony Blair abusing of his power with a sanction ends but unacceptable means. The means to any ends are merely way to complete something and the end ay not always Justify the means, though none of it would like to discredit the political activities.Political activities and power courses can be used to complete great things, but when other people use these power to against one selves t arget, it may be define as power abusive. To discuss how organizational politics would abuse power, Machiavellian (Christie & Gets, 1970), as the harder side of the politics, explain the mainly concept about how people who abused power would be in fact. It often called Mach, is a personality feature which is characterized with the use of operation to gain power.The term derives from the 16th-century writings of the Italian civil servant Niccole Machiavelli, a person who concerned that how people win others' social influence and the capacity to manipulate them Cones, Daniel N. ; Phallus, Deadly L. , 2009, pappy-273). It could be define as ‘low Mach's' and ‘high Mach's' which also separate people who are highly act as a Machiavellian or Just have a trend of it. Hover ever, both high Mach's and low Mach's are using undesirable means to achieve the ends they wanted, no matter it would expense the others.But compared with low Mach's, high Mach's individuals are more likely to exploit and manipulate others (House & Howell, 1992, IPPP-108), which causes this trait especially relevant for knowing as abusive supervisors. (Machiavellian in Organizations: Justifying the Means by the Ends, 2010) found that high Mach's are those who would be persuade others more than low Mach's but not easily persuaded, because of eventually high Mach's are self-esteem and self-confidence. What's more, they considered highly to manipulate other and succeed in reaching their goals and tend to win more.People who are high Mach tend to be unattached, cool, calculated and find means to exploit loose construction or vulnerability in people. High Mach's parade in face-to-face settings that are finite structure and rules and while emotions owns not much value to achieve their goal. As a result, high Mach's are best accord with professions that acquired their ‘do whatever it takes' attitude such as staff for sales offer higher commission. (Hitler – A Modern Machiavellian P rince, 2011) mentioned that Doll Hitler is a symbol person who related to high Mach's. He deem that people to scare or hate of him are better than adore him.This concept may reflects to unattached and cool feature of Machiavellian to abuse their power. For instance, Jews are despite by Hitler, his actions confirm Machiavellian theory because he was scared by millions of people around the whole social world but also he was the only one controlled power. Indeed, study by Dialing and colleagues (2009, pappy-257) also proved that high Mach's have interpersonal acts akin to harm other and abuse power. Hitler gone to such an extent to complete his political ends that he had the holocaust arise, killing over six million Jews in a variety of concentration camps and hungers.The fact refers to high Mach's act very much for their own self- order to achieve one's goal are presented as characteristic of Machiavellian as well. Nazi party, which set up by Hitler, act as a high Mach's behavior and matched with the theory of grouping people. According to Doll Hitler, it is exactly high Mach's would not feel guilty about the social tactics they utilized, from their characteristics, the writer considered that they are likely to use their over power such as cruelness to other and form alliances to treat people to compliance and after all, due to abusive the power.Though the ends are reasonable or not, people must be not abused their rower to gain their self-interest, all in all, it is, unfair of any of people. Summary Russell Cropland, K. &Michele Kumar (1995, pappy-837) said that â€Å"Given the power of the fair and moral social identity to prevent power erosion, it is in each member's long term best-interest to protect their identity. † From the previous detail that the writer mentioned, it may know power is a force which people use to influence others and it could be define as using good of it and, abuse of it as the topic mainly tells about.Abusing of power is related to organizational politics, measured by influence means and ends. Machiavellian, a concept by Machiavelli, typically notes people act in not-sanctioned means to achieve a ends, no matter it is good or not because high Mach's are only finding the ends for their self-interest and pointed out they are abused power. As the Russell K & Michele Camas's thoughts, power should be divided by each organization or people with following the rational rules of the world, if not, then relationship of the social system would be depreciate and it may affect that works inefficiency as well.

Women Are Better Than Men

Women are Better than Men English Research Paper Regina Erica T. Varilla January 25, 2012 Introduction As to the talk of gender superiority, it is clear that history had given men the advantage. For the past several millennia, men had worn the crown of authority, seated upon the highest seat of honor, and wielded the mighty arm of power. For all those years, women had no chance but to fall under power, to live a life of service and obedience, and to remain invisible, oppressed and inferior. Times change, however, and along with modernization came a tsunami of altercation.Riding on top of those powerful waves, with full control of the situation, are women. Research and statistics have proven that women are rapidly gaining dominion of almost every good aspect in life. In academics, for example, girls are receiving most of the awards and positions, including the top rankings and extra-curricular activities such as the yearbook and the student journal. Even in fields wherein men are know n to be specialized in, women are now thriving. In jobs, statistics show that the jobless rates for men are sky-rocketing while the jobless rates for women are going to an all-time low.Simply put, this means that men are being put out of commission while women are flourishing. More and more women are now standing up from their previous position of kneeling at the feet of men. Recently in India, 285 girls shed â€Å"unwanted† names. In Africa, 49% of the parliament is now composed of women. A revolution is happening, and this is proof of it. Scope This research paper covers the comparison between men and women at the subjects of physical weakness, emotional weakness, Biblical origins, safe driving, and the ability to survive in society, including academic ability, ndurance, and independence. Objective The main objective of this research paper is to prove women’s superiority in most aspects, especially in this generation. Other aspects include: * To empower women more * To show the true potential of women * To prove to society that this is an era for women * To bring about a reformation * To end the debate over gender superiority for all time * To end discrimination on women * To let the world see the multiple values of women in humankind Significance of Study This research paper strives to prove the superiority of women over men as multiple evidences prove.Due to a long history of males being the superior gender, society has failed to see entirely the concept that a new era has come, and along with it, another call for change; a change which demands society to remove the blindfold of habitual ways and to accept the world with its new leaders: Women First and foremost, his research paper will affect women in the sense that they will hopefully see and understand that humanity, even though it may not yet fully realize it, has already accepted them as the new superpowers, and that the world is ready for their taking.They just have to stand and have th e confidence, which hopefully shall be further strengthened by this collection of data, to rule supreme, as they are made to be. This research paper shall help empower other women to face the world without fear, knowing that the circumstances are favorably on their side. The contents of this research paper shall also affect men, though in a different approach. It shall be an eye-opener for them who believe in women being the inferior gender, and hopefully make them see that women are no longer the weaklings they previously thought women are.As for those who are not subject to such beliefs, this shall also affect them due to the huge probability of men being overrun soon, and may be required to find a way to save themselves in the near future. Another group of people predicted to find interest in this paper shall be the feminists. By showing that women are steadily growing into power and seating themselves in chairs of authority, it is then proved that these feminists’ efforts were not in vain. On the contrary, they have worked exceedingly well.If the citizens change, then it is mandatory for the government shall evolve with them. It may not be long before majority of the cabinet members become women, and perhaps even sooner, the head of the country itself. Women in history have always worked behind the scenes. As the quotation â€Å"History repeats itself† tells us, the reign of women in the field of politics will no doubt be much less scandalous than present. The workforce of the country may also be severely infected. Businesses up until now have preferred men over women.Modern machinery, however, have tipped the balance of the scale. With the need of physical strength no longer in play, women now have a fair or perhaps an even better chance at jobs than men. It can be estimated that at the late 21st century, women shall be the expected breadwinner of the family. Body Physical Weakness When it comes to the battle of the sexes, the subject of phy sical vulnerability can never be ignored. People generally have this misconception where in girls are the weaker gender between the two. It is a misconception, because they are not the weaker gender at all.They cannot be blamed for having this wrong idea, as boys have more cerebrospinal fluid (protects skull from damage) and are more fitting to receive painful blows. The medical journal Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery even stated that women have 34 nerve fibers per square centimeter of facial skin, while men only have 17 nerve fibers per square centimeter of facial skin. Also, according to a 2008 report from the University of Georgia in Athens, boys have a more advanced pain suppressing circuit that is less effectively wired in women.Thus, it cannot be denied that girls still experience more pain in their lifetime. A few more examples are giving birth, having menstruation, and possessing more weak spots. Furthermore, these pains come naturally to them, as opposed to boys, wherein the fights they get into are purely their decision. They know it, but chose to ignore this fact. Men, however, do not have knowledge of one of women’s secret weapons, that is, estrogen. In 2002, researchers at the University of Michigan have proven that high levels of estrogen mean at least equal or higher pain tolerance than men.This can be extremely useful during menstruation, pregnancy, and even child birth. Estrogen, however, is not the only weapon that womankind has. All those ear piercings, body waxing and high heeled shoes must have hurt very much, and since a girl is not on her period all the time, then it must not only be estrogen at work. According to a professor from Columbia University, research has shown that the more a person notices pain, the more it is amplified. Since women are willing to go through such pains for extensive periods of time, they have gotten used these pain signals.Not long after, the brain will start ignoring these signals, leading to better pain tolerance. Over time, women can develop this endurance to surpass that of men’s. Emotional Weakness Both genders experience emotional and psychological letdowns. The difference between how they react, however, is extremely huge. Thanks to Hollywood, women are generally mistaken as the weaker gender. This holds absolutely no truth at all. Research has proven that both men and women experience the same depression and vulnerability during an emotional letdown. What differs, however, is how they let the stress out of their systems.According to SAGE, women tend to turn to social circles, thus their depression is observed and understood, while men tend to confine themselves and avoid any social contact, leading to a build-up of even more stress and depression due to being hidden and misunderstood. This is disastrous for men as the loss of socialization is the cause of the problem in the first place, and may resort to drugs, drinking, and violence just to â€Å"numb† th e feeling off. This then may lead to crime, resulting to a higher crime rate for men, and a chain of events and statistics. Survival in the SocietyA tradition that goes back in time is the thinking that males are the breadwinner of the family. The reason for this is in ancient history, when food is mainly acquired from hunting, needing attributes like developed muscles and huge bone structures. This task is best fitted for men. Modern times, however, has a different sort of battlefield. The difference in the demand for physical strength between then and now is vast. During the past millennia, physical labor is extremely high. In this modernized world, however, equal or even greater strength can be achieved through the press of only a few buttons.The industrial era of today involves intelligence and skill, both attributes being thoroughly honed by women to make up for the lack of strength. One reason for these differences is the different composition of the male and female brains. Sc ientists at the University of Pennsylvania’s Brain Behavior Laboratory found out that although the females’ brains are on average 11% smaller than males’, they still have more grey matter (used for processing information). Males have more white matter (fat-covered long fibers that transmit electrical impulses) and cerebrospinal fluid (acts as buffer from the skull).This may mean that women are designed to have certain advantages in processing information and men are designed to have quicker reflexes and more solid protection for physical blows. Other factors responsible for the female brain boost maybe the higher rate of blood flow to certain parts of the brain and again, estrogen levels. According to Dr. Legato, author of Why Men Never Remember and Women Never Forget, the part of the brain that controls languages in females receive more nutrition, therefore making it easier for women to recall what they have heard or read.This may explain the ability of women t o socialize and to manage conversation well, and possibly the exceptional ability of data interpretation. As for estrogen, he had said that it activates a larger field of neurons in a woman’s brain, so they experience stress in a more accurate way, even when only reliving the memory. Proofs of females having superior academic abilities are already cropping up. According to a report from CBSNews, boys are falling behind as girls tend to outshine them. Peter Badalment, principal of Hanover High School in Massachusetts, said that girls took home almost all the honors for nearly the past decade.Once again, it was a girl who became valedictorian, the latest of a nine-year-streak. In the school’s advanced placement classes (equivalent of a cream section or a star section), majority (about 70%-80%) of the students comprise of girls, even in the field of Math, which is the section boys used to dominate. He also stated that in AP biology, there were no boys around at all. Also according to Badalment, 3 out of 4 class leadership positions belong to girls. Not only are they achieving in class, they are also the leaders of extracurricular activities and clubs such as the National Honor Society and the batch’s yearbook.Even in college, campuses get more qualified women applicants. Women now comprise nearly 60% of the campus student body, earning 170,000 more degrees It is not only in the field of academics that women are proving to be much more efficient, but also in getting high paying jobs. When comparing charts for jobless rates from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and Haver Analytics, it is clear that the trend for jobless men is rising, while the trend for jobless women is plunging. If this trend persists, it will mean that in the future, there will be more working women than working men.The possibility of having a â€Å"househusband† may be hovering before humanity in the near future. Driving It is common knowledge that cars and driving ski lls are â€Å"a boy thing†. This, however, does not mean that they do it well; this battle is, as the common saying goes, â€Å"quality versus quantity†. Although men are generally known to drive more, women are found to drive safer. Statistics show that on percentage basis, men have about 5% more violations than women. Reckless driving tops the list, with men’s violations more than 340% than that of women’s.DUI (Driving Under Influence or Drunk Driving) and Seatbelt violations are next in line, also more than 300% in ratio than the violations of women. Reports does not make it easier for men, as it say that women, for one, tend to survive in accidents more often, and two, they make less damage to the vehicles, as confirmed by many auto insurance industry experts. Biblical Origins It is commonly repeated by anti-feminists that God created men first, then the woman, out of the man, as it states in Genesis 2:22(KJV Bible) clearly: â€Å"And the rib, which the LORD God had taken from man, made he a woman†.This, however, is not a mark of superiority; there simply has to be a filtering process first. It is just like the process involved in producing white sugar. The raw material comes in the form of sugar canes. These are just like the mud used to form man. They are useful, but in a different, less significant way when compared to their output products. These canes are then crushed and processed until they become brown sugar, coarse and as the name indicates, brown. This is man, as first made by God. They are crude sketches. This brown sugar is further processed and refined. The end result shall be white sugar.This white sugar is, at last, women. Being â€Å"refined†, they are finer, improved, and much more preferred. Another common mistake made by the general public is the misconception of the word ‘sons’. In old times, ‘son’ can refer to 2 definitions. The first defines the word as ‘male ch ild’; the second defines the word as ‘human offspring’, with no particular gender involved. It is, therefore, of no substantial argument. Summary and Conclusion To put it simply, women are scientifically and statistically proven to be the greater gender. Physical and emotional weaknesses have fewer tolls upon women.The lack of physical strength has been overcome by technological advances. There are no shortages to brain power, and independence has been steadily growing for the past few decades. With all these facts and data supporting the side of women, it is clear that the battle has been won. Modernization has proved an invaluable friend, having provided women access to fields they have never been allowed to step upon before. Now that they are at those fields, they are proving good at it. It is simple to predict that in a few decades’ time, women will have taken over completely. BibliographyAbrams, Dan. Man Down. USA: Abrams Imagery Animated. 2011 Belkin , Lisa. â€Å"Preferring Girls Over Boys†. The New York Times. February 25, 2010 [email  protected] com â€Å"Preference for Sons on the Wane†. April 29, 2011. http://English. chosun. com/site/data/html_dir/2011/04/29/2011042901189. html â€Å"How Sugar is Made† http://www. sucrose. com KJV Bible Kohn, David. â€Å"The Gender Gap†. CBNNews. February 11, 2009. http://www. cbsnews. com/stories/2002/10/31/60minutes/main527678. shtml Lazarus, Clifford N. PhD. â€Å"Why Women Are the Superior Gender†. Think Well. February 2, 2011 Lee, Yonson and Beth Mowry. Gender Differences in Emplyment Statistics†. http://www. clecelandfed. org/research/trends/2008/0508/04ecoact. cfm Lewin, Tamar. â€Å"At Colleges, Women are Leaving Men in the Dust†. The New York Times. July 9, 2006 Mackey, Maureen. â€Å"Who Remembers What? †. Reader’s Digest. March 2008. http://www. rd. com/family/who-remembers-what. html Mulrine, Anna. â€Å"Are Boys the Weaker Sex? †. Reader’s Digest. Hong Kong: Reader’s Digest Association Far East. October 2002. â€Å"Sugar Production From Sugar Cane â€Å". http://www. itdg. org/docs/technical_information_service/sugar_production_from_cane. pdf

The relationship between the executive, legislature and judiciary Essay

The relationship between the executive, legislature and judiciary - Essay Example The orthodox approach to judicial review is therefore based upon the absolute and indivisible sovereignty of Parliament rather than the independence of the judiciary5. Oxford Professor A.V. Dicey set out the fundamental principles of Britain’s unwritten Constitution, and the role of judges within the context of those principles by stating that the indivisibility of Parliamentary power requires that all exercise of Governmental power must be authorized by Parliament, since it is the source of all valid authority.6 As a result, the British power of judicial review would not include the power to invalidate Acts of Parliament, rather the Courts may only use their powers to constrain any abuse of powers by the other arms of Government, such as the legislative and executive branches7. However, existing provisions permit the Lords of the Appellate Committee to also participate in the legislative business of the Upper House8, thereby raising the question of validity of judicial indepe ndence. This has been addressed in the Constitutional Reform Act of 2005, which aims to strengthening democracy and enhance the credibility of public institutions9 while also recognizing the value of judicial independence and the need to preserve it.10 Furthermore, the separation of powers between the three branches of Government as spelt out by Montesquieu11 is unclear in the context of the British judicial process. In view of present threats from terrorism, the Government has enacted sweeping legislation against terrorists12 tilting.

Research business proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Research business proposal - Essay Example In addition to integration into corporate structures and processes, CSR also frequently involves creating innovative and proactive solutions to societal and environmental challenges, as well as collaborating with both internal and external stakeholders to improve CSR performance (McDonald & Rundle-Thiele, 2008). The proposed research paper will address the issue of definition as well the nature of the challenges calling for public and private sector action on the CSR front. It also intends to outline components that can be used by businesses and other organizations to review and potentially enhance their performance in relation to CSR. It will further explore the best practices on the part of industry to attain positive and proactive outcomes on CSR. Additionally, the proposed research paper will also provide an outlook of Industry activities and initiatives that support the promotion of CSR and that define and provide pragmatic viewpoints on the linkages between CSR and innovation. It will also offer some recommendations for the further exploration of CSR. There are different concepts and factors that are considered of importance in the operation and management of different types and forms of organizations. One of the said factors is the corporate social responsibility or CSR. The terms can be considered synonymous to corporate responsibility, corporate citizenship or responsibility in business. ... 3.3. Data collection method . 15 3.4. Ethical issues.. 16 3.5. Data analysis & Nature and form of results... 17 3.6. Variables 17 4.0. References 18 5.0. Appendix. 19 1.0. Introduction 1.1. Background There are different concepts and factors that are considered of importance in the operation and management of different types and forms of organizations. One of the said factors is the corporate social responsibility or CSR. The terms can be considered synonymous to corporate responsibility, corporate citizenship or responsibility in business. The main principle for the said concept is the need of the company to take responsibility on its operation on the basis of the fact that the establishment of an enterprise can affect the community and the environment one way or another (Catalyst Consortium, 2002). The detrimental effects of the continuous industrialization and modernization of the corporate world had turned the trend of the organizations and companies from the objectives of financial prowess solely towards expansion of aims and priorities in terms of responsibilities thus including the welfare of the environments and surroundings including the adjacent communities and other issues related to ethics and behaviours of the employees and the members of the company or organization. The CSR then can be defined on the basis of giving attention to three objectives that includes the profitability in the financial aspect, the social responsibility and the environmental issues and concerns (Catalyst Consortium, 2002). 1.2. Problem Statement and objectives Corporate social responsibility can be said as idea whereby business organizations consider the interests of society by taking obligations for the

Private Worlds and Public Lives Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Private Worlds and Public Lives - Essay Example For example, we may just consider enormous transformation of our perception of the physical distances in the world where today a person can travel half a globe within half a day, or to almost instantaneously establish a communication link with any part of the Earth. Even though these achievements of mankind are seemingly purely technological, they simultaneously exert a great influence on cultural and social aspects of our world views. In this connection, one of the spheres that has been significantly changed in the last hundred years and which in one way or another pertains to the realms of cultural, moral, social, and political concerns is the general distinction between public and private parts of our being. The observation of this crucial principle belongs to the list of the most important social prescriptions in most societies, and its violation consequently constitutes one of the most harshly criticised deviations. With these points in mind, we can try to examine changes that h ave occurred in private and public attitudes to certain issues in the last hundred years with the hope to better understand the nature and scope of the larger transformations that are happening with our society and the humanity in general as the result of the fast pace of progress, which is on one hand generated by humans, but of the direction and prospects of which we on the other hand are not fully aware. As the issues in relation to which we can trace changes of public and private attitudes during the last century or so we can choose the sphere of public and private leisure spaces, serving as a good illustration of how the notions of public and private as such can be contrasted and mixed, and the issue of what implications new technology and the coming of the information society have on the distinction between them. Before we move to the examination of changes in public and private attitudes in relation to the mentioned issues, we should overview the essence of the public versus private distinction, which belongs to the list of fundamental methodological approaches in sociology and offers a helpful, even though often relative, reference point for many research purposes (Stolzenberg 2003, pp.328-332). One of the most evident definitions of private and public might seem to be that private is something connected with our own psychological phenomena and with material aspects of our immediate bodily experiences, while public is related to those environments where people coexist, where rules of conduct are externally imposed and regulated, and where phenomena take place that make sense only in the group context (Weintraub and Kumar 1997, pp.182-203). However, from the point of view of the sociological theory of social constructionism 'the private' refers not only to psychology and 'the public' not onl y to larger scale processes of societys functioning, but rather both notions reflect ways in which individual and group levels co-operate and mutually create reality the way we perceive it. That is why important focuses of the social constructionism are micro, or private, and macro, or public, sociological levels of societies functioning, processes of institutionalisation, and their transformation into ubiquitous traditions. Thus, social constructio

Sustainable Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

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Capacitors Using Charge Sensors Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

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Week1 Knowledge paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Week1 Knowledge paper - Essay Example In addition to the need for goods and services, there was a high demand for housing. This demand spawned the creation of the subdivision. With the proliferation of the automobile, better highways, and television people began to move west as they left the rust belt for the sun belt. While women had been instrumental in working in the wartime factories, after the war women left the factory jobs and became more domestic. This period transformed America into the single wage family headed by a male that became the middle class. The shift in demographics created even more desire and need for products in the marketplace. The economy was growing due to the increase in employment opportunities, more leisure time, and the advertisers ability to reach the public through the new medium of television. The information that I have about the economy during this era comes from older family members who have related their stories to me. In addition, I have picked up images and impressions from television and the Internet. I have always been interested in culture and like to watch some of the old post war movies or 1950s sitcoms. Though I know they are only stories, you can sometimes glean some facts from good fiction. The relationship between the US and the USSR had always been somewhat tense due to the claims of communist infiltration in the US that went back to the 1930s. However, the war against Germany had necessitated that they become allied in their goal of defeating Hitler. Russia endured a heavy burden and paid a great cost during the war. As such, Stalin felt that they were owed the spoils that go to the victor in war. The US, though cautious, was willing to accommodate the Soviets by giving them control of the countries on their western border that would serve as a buffer against Germany and would become their satellite states. After the defeat of Japan, Truman once again

Critically assess the merits of the international intervention in Essay

Critically assess the merits of the international intervention in Kosovo - Essay Example It is an open truth that the sovereignty of every country is regarded as its most cherished asset (Warhurst, 2007; Alothman et al, 2010). This not withstanding, countries and states have not always had their sovereign rules to be intact. This is because of the international conventions and regulations that bind various nations and spell out some accepted codes of existence. In most cases, when these codes are broken, leading to all kinds of humanitarian crisis in individual countries, the resultant consequence has been for the international world to intervene to defend the interest of the ordinary person. A similar situation is what was experienced in Kosovo when the international body, led by the media cried out on what was supposedly a humanitarian crisis in Kosovo. The international intervention in Kosovo in 1999, which was largely led by the United States and NATO have come under intense scrutiny and review by scholars, the legal fraternity, historians, and the media. Even though the NATO and the United States had their own reasons and justifications for undertaking the international intervention they took in Kosovo, not much of these commentators who have researched and analyzed the events in the lead up to the intervention and the events specifically involved in the events seem to be convinced by the actions taken by the international bodies who staged their interventions in Kosovo. It is from this perspective that the present essay is being written to critically assess the merits of the international intervention in Kosovo. ... Indeed, from the estimates of these two bodies, Kosovo was experiencing a humanitarian crisis and so it was important to intervene to ensure that the lives of ordinary people were protected and secured (Pybus, 2001; Ankomah, 2005). This is basically the factor that led to an international intervention in Kosovo. Prior to the major intervention, the international community, led by NATO and the United States had actually said that the crisis in Kosovo was as a result of the Serbian nationalism. In this regard, they justified their merit in the intervention as a need to protecting the selected few, of whom crime and acts of atrocities were being perpetuated against (Macklin, 1996). Analysts say that there have been cases of humanitarian crisis boiling up in some countries before the 1999 Kosovo crisis, which received no international interventions. The case of Kosovo was therefore supposed to be a different one and thus justifiable to subjecting it to critical analysis as to why the int ervention was necessary. But whenever this need for justification is posed to NATO, they are quick to defend the merit in the intervention, saying that there was a specific target in this case, who were the Serbs. From their estimation and argument therefore, if it had been a war within one sided front, the international intervention would not have been so necessary but for the fact that there was a united force rising against a weaker opposition, delaying on the intervention would have caused the growing human tragedy to continue (Maddox, 2005; Cliff, 2009). The outcome of the intervention The outcome of the international intervention has generally been criticized as one that did not yield the expected promise with which it was started (Papadakis, 2000). One of such schools

Sakuntala India Essay Example for Free

Sakuntala India Essay Kalidasas Sakuntala is the best-known Sanskrit drama, and widely considered a masterpiece. It is based on an episode from the Mahabharata (book 1, ch. 62-69), though Kalidasa takes significant liberties in his version. Widely translated there were no fewer than forty-six translations in twelve different languages in the century after Sir William Jones groundbreaking first translation (1789) alone, Dorothy Matilda Figueira notes in Translating the Orient new editions continue to appear regularly. Barbara Stoler Millers, published along with translations of Kalidasas two other dramas (and three explanatory essays) as Theater of Memory, appears to have become a standard version, and certainly the classroom text of choice (at least in the US); it also has the advantage of being relatively easy to find (which is not the case with most of the other translations). The eighty pages of essays, covering three different aspects of Kalidasa and Sanskrit drama, and the solid critical apparatus (though the actual notes are a bit thin), as well the fact that it makes the other two Kalidasa plays easily available, does make this an appealing edition. It is not, however, ideal. Millers translation is solid, with a few inspired touches, but it does not stand out among the competition. In addition, more supporting material, and more extensive notes focussed specifically on the play would have been welcome. Sakuntala is a play in seven acts. It begins with a remarkable Prologue, in which the director of the play briefly discusses the planned nights entertainment with the lead actress. Hes worried about impressing his learned audience, and tells her: I find no performance perfect until the critics are pleased; the better trained we are the more we doubt ourselves. (Critics with its newspaper-reviewer connotations is an unfortunate choice here; Kalidasa clearly only means hes worried about the opinion of this generally well-informed audience.) The actress manages to reassure him with a brief song: she is so utterly convincing and enrapturing that he forgets what play he wanted to put on (after just having  mentioned it moments before). Its a hard scene to pull of on the stage, but on the page it can convince, and its a stunning start to the play (and also sets the bar very high). The play proper then begins, with King Dusyanta on a hunting expedition. Hes going after an antelope, but a monk stops him, telling him the antelope belongs to the local hermitage: Your weapon should rescue victims, not destroy the innocent ! The king does as he is asked. Invited to the hermitage he looks around the grove, and comes across Sakuntala and two friends but he hides before they see him. Sakuntala is the daughter of the head sage, Kanva (who is away at the time), or so the king has been told. In fact, she is only the adopted daughter, and is actually the daughter of a royal sage and a celestial nymph (which is important, as the it wouldnt be appropriate for the king to be involved with a commoner). Sakuntala is coming into her own, and one of the first things the king sees is Sakuntala asking one of her friends to loosen the no longer quite form-fitting bark dress she is wearing. As the friend says: Blame your youth for swelling your breasts. (Ryder translates this much more successfully: You had better blame your own budding charms for that.) The king finally shows himself, but hes uncertain whether to reveal his true identity and pretends to be someone else. He finds out that Sakuntala would be an appropriate mate, but theres still a bit of romancing to do. He does, however, give her the ring of the title an embellishment of Kalidasas that isnt found in the original source-material, but that will allow the king to come of looking better than he originally did. The second act begins with a Shakespearean buffoons monologue: the character of the fool transposed to India. The king is by now completely smitten. As the buffoon notes: She must be delectable if youre so enticed. The king is indeed filled with enthusiasm but by the end of the act realises that the buffoon may let something about his passion slip back home at the palace, which might not go over so well, and so he tells him: I really feel no desire for the young ascetic Sakuntala. What do I share with a rustic girl reared among fawns, unskilled in love ? Dont mistake what I muttered in jest for the real truth, my friend ! The audience knows better, and in the third act their true feelings cant be hidden any longer though both the king and Sakuntala suffer for their passion before they can embrace each other: SAKUNTALA: I dont know your heart, but day and night for wanting you, love violently tortures my limbs, cruel man. KING: Love torments you, slender girl, but he completely consumes me daylight spares the lotus pond while it destroys the moon. The king wants to marry Sakuntala, but she is worried that the proposed rushed and secret marriage wouldnt be appropriate. Fulfillment of desire is fraught with obstacles, the king sighs. Sakuntala gives in but only off stage, in between scenes. When the fourth act opens the king has returned home, promising to send for Sakuntala later. Still enraptured, Sakuntala neglects her duties and is cursed by the angry sage Durvasas: the king wont remember who she is at least until he sees the ring of recollection. (In the original version of the story in the Mahabharata there is no curse or ring: the king is simply a cad: he remembers her well enough, but pretends not to.) But Sakuntala is sp swept away she doesnt even realise whats happened. Much of the fourth act is filled with the sweet sorrow of parting, as Sakuntala prepares to  leave the idyllic grove and the hermitage. Its all the more poignant because she is not aware of the terrible fate shes facing (while the audience knows exactly whats coming). In act five Sakuntala arrives at the kings court and doesnt get quite the welcome she expected. It should all be easy enough to clear up, even Sakuntala realises: this ring will revive your memory and remove your doubt. But, alas theres no ring on her finger ! It must have fallen off .. Sakuntala has other evidence, describing their meetings, but that isnt enough to convince the cursed king, and he continues to worry: Since its unclear whether Im deluded or she is speaking falsely should I risk abandoning a wife or being tainted by another mans ? Act six begins with more comic relief, as a fisherman is interrogated by the police about a ring he found the missing royal ring of recollection, of course. Now, finally, the king remembers. and he sets off to regain her. Sakuntala has by now given birth to a child, a boy who looks much like the king (and who should so the kings promise to Sakuntala long ago be his successor). But the king can barely believe that there is any hope left for him: learning the boys mothers name is Sakuntala he moans: But names can be the same. Even a name is a mirage a false hope to herald despair. But, finally, there is the happy reunion and ending. Much of the power of the play is as a character study of Sakuntala, as Kalidasa shows her in these different circumstances. Her love, her despair, her anger are all impressively displayed. Much of this and, indeed, the success of much of the rest of the play depends on the poetry of the play, and while there are some very successful bits, Millers translation does fall short. Sanskrit is a difficult language to translate in any case. The nominal compounds (similar to the German, except that they can be much more elaborate) pose a particular problem, and the Sanskrit verses with their own complex rules are also very difficult to convey. Miller knows her stuff, and the substance of the play is well-conveyed. But much goes  missing especially that sense of poetry. Some of the problems can be guessed at from the explanation she offers of the plays title in the notes (one of the few terms she explains at greater length): Sakuntala and the Ring of Recollection This is not a literal rendering of the Sanskrit compound Abhijnanasakuntala, whose exact form and meaning are controversial even among Sanskrit critics and commentators. The word abhijnana means recognition or recollection; it is used in the play to refer to the ring Dusyanta gives as a token to Sakuntala () A more exact translation of the title might be [The drama of] Sakuntala [remembered] through the ring of recollection, where the entire compound refers to the implied word nataka (drama),and a word like smrta (remembered) may be supplied according to a rule of Sanskrit grammar governing elision in compound verbs. Unfortunately, there are probably few words (and verses) in the text that dont warrant as much or more explanation. Miller goes for the grounded, straightforward approach, not rhyming the verses, for example (Ryder, on the other hand, imposes a rhyme on all the verses). Enough of the original comes through to get a decent sense of the plays qualities, but it rarely reaches the transcendent heights the original is reputed to have. A useful edition, with some decent supporting material (though more would have been welcome), it nevertheless isnt entirely satisfying. Return to top of the page

Aim Of Molecular Gastronomy Media Essay

Aim Of Molecular Gastronomy Media Essay The art of cooking is as old as humanity and cooking is such an important part of our world which obviously needs scientific attention. Although science has contributed to food safety, hygiene and nutritional aspects, little has been done towards innovation and invention of new dishes. The ancient Greek words, gastro means stomach and nomos means law, collectively termed as gastronomy, which in contemporary hospitality industry means food and culture. It generally refers to the study of relationship between food and culture with interdisciplinary approaches. This literature attempts to explain molecular gastronomy, its origin and evolution, along with its relevance and contributions to the contemporary hospitality industry. Cooking and gastronomy Even though molecular gastronomy has attracted media attention for quite a while, still there is confusion about the true meaning of the term. To explain this, cooking and gastronomy has to be distinguished first. Cooking is the preparation of raw food into edible, whereas gastronomy is the knowledge of whatever concerns mans nourishment. Gastronomy is about chemical and physical transformation behind the preparation of any food, for example, the reason behind egg white puffs up when whipped or mayonnaise becomes firm. (This, 2006). According to HerveThis, the science of food is not new but dates back to second century BC, when preparation of meat stock-the aqueous solution obtained by thermal processing of animal tissues in water-has been of great interest. Since then, scientists have been interested in food and cooking which gave way to molecular gastronomy. If culinary history is scrutinised, it will be clear that, initially food experts studied the culinary science to steer clear of blind assumptions and unscientific ways of cooking. But today, the science of food has reached its extreme in the form of molecular gastronomy, which chemically examines the food and cooking in its molecular level to give a new face for cooking and change the total concept of commercial cooking in near future. Molecular gastronomy The scientific discipline dedicated to culinary industry and to gastronomical phenomena in general has been called molecular gastronomy the late Nicholas Kurti and HerveThis (This, 2005). Molecular gastronomy can also be defined as a field that attempts to improve the culinary techniques through understanding the composition and chemical transformations occurring in food during the process of cooking (Ankeny, Year Unknown). Gastronomy or molecular gastronomy is the science just like any other science in the world, which studies the cause and effect of anything that happens during cooking including the structural difference in same cooking ingredients of different quality, which have an effect on the final product. If we can answer the question, we can correct a mistake, use this knowledge to improve the cooking process or even invent new dishes or ways to prepare food. For example, if we know that when an egg is cooked, water evaporates, the proteins denature and polymerize to enclos e water, we can even use substitute methods to cook it, like adding alcohol to it, which denature the egg proteins and gives the same result. Molecular gastronomy also deals with the study of human senses and perception of taste, aroma, texture and temperature, in short, the sensory science known as chemesthesis (berham et. al, 2010). It studies the perception of senses in molecular level in order to understand how different dishes are perceived as awful, average, good or delicious, when they are made of similar ingredients. Although chemesthesis of human beings are the same, people of different genre appreciates different types of food. For example westerners cooking style is entirely different from Asians, and while Asians appreciate spicy food, most westerners do not. At a glance, molecular gastronomy can be described as applying the techniques of food scientists to fine dining drying, liquefying, gassing, freezing and generally transforming ingredients into surprising new forms and textures while maintaining the flavours. Early converts include French two-star chef Pierre Gagnaire, who added scallops with liquorice milk to his menu in 1991 (Hill. B, 2009). Aim of molecular gastronomy Being the science of cooking, molecular gastronomy has a few aims in the field of domestic and commercial cooking. It endeavours to remodel and scrutinise existing recipes, introduce new tools, products and methods, invent new dishes from the acquiring knowledge and use the appeal of food to promote food science (This, 2006). Before analysing the aims, a significant question is that, who is actually interested in molecular gastronomy? Is it the chefs who are interested in chemical and physical science of food or scientists who are interested in food and cooking? Answer could go both the ways. Chefs are always interested in innovation in culinary art, which obviously needed scientific help to explain the reasons for transformation that occur in the cooking process. For remodelling a recipe or innovating a new dish they had to understand what actually happens to any food when it undergoes different forms of cooking. For this reason they needed scientific help to explain the reasons behind any cooking process or transformation. But at the same time, scientists are interested in the scientific aspects of food rather than innovation and remodelling recipes. Hence, molecular gastronomy can be said to be teamwork of food science and cooking or in other words, chefs and scientists. However, chefs made use of scie ntific explanation of cooking processes which resulted in innovation in food industry or more apparently molecular gastronomy. But today, with worldwide recognition of molecular gastronomy, it has evolved as a collaboration of chefs, scientists, companies in food industry and culinary schools. In addition, efforts are being made to incorporate the new science into culinary schools to impart knowledge of molecular gastronomy into upcoming industry professionals to provide a new visage to the food and beverage industry. Continuing with the aims of molecular gastronomy, remodelling and scrutinising the existing recipes is one of the primary attempts, initially by educating the professionals about the chances of scientific approach to cooking art. Complex disperse systems formalism (This, 2006) was introduced to describe the microscopic structure of preparations with different phases, to help in this attempt. Consequently, many of the existing recipes has been modernized or modified to correct the mistakes, attain a better product and to better favour the palate of the customer. Educational efforts are equally important to standardise these remodelled recipes to achieve consistency. For this reason, several programmes were introduced in culinary schools internationally. In 2001, the experimental workshop on flavour was created in French schools. Universities in various countries, such as the Netherlands, Denmark and Argentina have set up professorships in this discipline. Since then, Canada and France have introduced new syllabus for culinary schools to include knowledge obtained from molecular gastronomy. In 2005, the Institute for Advanced Studies on Flavour, Gastronomy and the Culinary Arts was created in Reims, France, to promote gastronomy knowledge, including molecular gastronomy. New or remodelled recipes to a great extent involve new cooking techniques which need new systems and tools. So, quite obviously, molecular gastronomy is introducing or giving way to new cooking tools and techniques, taking the art of cooking into another level. In terms of new products, with the help of molecular gastronomy, it is now possible to customise the food to the need of different people with different diet requirements, without restricting the taste and palatability of their meals. For example, now a day, caviar can be artificially made (in fact something looks and tastes like caviar) from fruits and chemicals. Similarly, using the secret of food chemistry, different ingredients can be used to make several dishes which look, smells and tastes like original dishes, which have no ingredients of the original dish. Even though the dishes tastes and feel like original, the ingredients can be different, thus giving us an opportunity to try different dishes with in the diet restr ictions or in other words, altering an unhealthy food into healthy one without altering the original taste of the same. Health programmes that promote a balanced diet cannot succeed if people are unable to make intelligent choices about food. Traditional cooking is not a guarantee either for healthy food or for a rational preparation of food. This is where the scientific programme of molecular gastronomy can be useful. Science is the basis for new technology and innovation and it is not different in gastronomy. The achievements of science in the field of gastronomy have won a definite recognition worldwide. However, for chefs, and hopefully scientists as well, the main aim is to surprise and delight their guests with exciting, tasty and healthy food. Molecular gastronomy in contemporary hospitality industry With the development of tourism industry, the science of domestic and commercial cooking has moved from the hands of a few key players to the dominion of serious scientific venture. In the context of serious competition, every element in the food service industry is striving to adopt innovation and novelty using technology, to which molecular gastronomy has given a new face of distinctiveness. The cooking chemistry or molecular cuisine has helped the modern restaurants to a great extend to enhance cooking speed, service speed and very obviously the food quality along with the ability to keep the food fresh. A few techniques in molecular gastronomy Colloids Colloid is a chemical substance dispersed in molecular level evenly throughout one another. The particles of the dispersed substance are only suspended in the blend, unlike in a solution in which they are totally dissolved. This takes place because the elements in a colloid are larger than in a liquid. The colloidal system is used for making different types of foam, solid gel, emulsion and solid emulsion. Lecithin (Lecite) Lecithin is phospholipids extracted from soybean, partially water-soluble, and an emulsifier that helps fat and water stay together. For that reason, it is often added to chocolate, cheese, margarine, and salad dressing. It has health benefits, such as reducing cholesterol intensity. It is often added to flavoured liquids and then mixed to generate foams that are topped onto dishes to offer added appearance and texture. Maltodextrin powder Maltodextrin is a complex carbohydrate consisting of dextrose (glucose), maltose, maltotriose and higher polysaccharides. Maltodextrin is used in a wide variety of products, extending from bodybuilders, animal trainers (horses and greyhounds) to pharmaceutical manufacturers. Tapioca maltrodextrin is a popular product used to make powdered oil and fat products such as white truffle powder, and olive oil powder. Guar Gum Guar is a white free flowing powder, completely soluble in hot or cold water to form a tasteless, odourless, non-toxic solution. Guar gum powder has five to eight times the coagulating power of starch. It is mainly used as a binding agent, mixtures, thickener, and emulsifier in food products, such as cheese spreads, ice cream and other frozen desserts. Methylcellulose This forms a gel when heated, and melts into liquid when it cools. This is similar to gelatine. This quality can improve a food if it undergoes heating in its preparation and requires stability at cooking temperature (for example: preventing a sauce from thinning out). It is used as a binding agent for foods that need to keep their parts collectively. Products such as pasta, vegetable burgers, onion rings, and potato products are improved by its combining strength. This is due to its cohesive nature at low temperatures and the structural integrity at higher temperatures. Implementation and provision of MG in hospitality industry Molecular gastronomy principles, practices and provisions items have captured the intellect of both the chefs and their customers worldwide. Although initially intended to cater for the high purpose of the gourmet market, molecular gastronomy has been welcomed in assorted areas of the hospitality industry. Useful dining restaurants, cafà ©s and bistros, avail venues, specialist bars, prestigious and mainstream hotels; and all the more establishments that specialise in pastry and desserts are incorporating this style of cuisine to assorted degrees into their operations. As any other fields, molecular gastronomy also attracted much criticism from food writers and chefs around the world. Many established chefs did not accept molecular gastronomy as scientific gastronomic phenomena but labelled it as temporary style of cuisine (Hill, 2009). But in the context of Australian hospitality industry, hampering of successful insertion of molecular gastronomy was a lack of firsthand experience and training, which was recognized both by industry as well as the government. Another barrier facing the Australian industry is the inadequate supply and high prices for specialist food chemicals and equipments to incorporate various techniques of molecular gastronomy. The distribution of these chemicals and equipments are limited to a few suppliers and shops. Even though this is the case, Hill had identified a few restaurants in Victoria such as Fenix, Interlude and Vue de monde that offer limited molecular gastronomic techniques throughout their menus. Competition There is no doubt that hospitality industry is facing increasing competition than ever before. To withstand this pressure of competition, chefs should be able to remain innovative and attract new as well as existing customers by satisfying their demandingly increasing sophisticated expectations. In fact people are always looking for new and unique experiences. As a result of this, in recent years there has been a great emphasis on innovation, creativity and importance of innovation competency. In response, many chefs has accepted the concept of molecular gastronomy and working on it to achieve greater innovative competency and occupational competency. In his model of innovative culinary competency, Lei Hu (2010) has positioned molecular gastronomy among new technologies that helps innovation, where other factors being creativity, culture, aesthetics, product, service and management. This underpins the fact that molecular gastronomy is a scientific gastronomic phenomenon as mentioned earlier in this literature, than a temporary style of cooking. In the age of technology dominating every aspect of human life, molecular gastronomy is the new cooking technique dominating mans nourishment. Culinary tourism Culinary tourism is a relatively new industry came into being in 2003. It can be described as a subset of tourism, where tourists also consider the enjoyment of interesting and traditional or novel and innovative food and drink, while people travel. This subset of tourism promotes every gastronomic experience, with every tourist pursuit for unique and memorable eating and drinking experience. Tourists always tend to consider the local cuisine of destination or at least consider the available cuisines, as dining out is one of the top most tourist activities and nearly 100% of tourists eat out when they travel. This trend gives a huge opportunity to restaurants use molecular gastronomy to innovate and attract their patrons. Molecular gastronomy in many parts of the world has revolutionized restaurant dining experience and at the same time, led to new enjoyment and appreciation of food. A few examples include EI Bulli in Spain and the Fat Duck in the United Kingdom (Barham et. al. 2010) , two restaurants that since adopting a new scientific approach to cooking have become widely regarded as among the best restaurants in the world. This is noticeable evidence of people accepting or influenced by the new cooking science or molecular gastronomy. When we look into the tourists trends, the opportunity for success of molecular gastronomy is apparently huge. 27 million leisure travellers have participated in culinary related travel in the last 3 years in the US, while spending $12 Billion directly on culinary related activities (Schmantowsky, year unknown). The actual market segment includes more affluent people, who are highly motivated to experience unique and memorable dining experience. Studies prove that on an average, one third of total travel budget goes towards food related activities. The top six culinary tourist destinations include California (14%), Florida (10%), New York (7%), Texas (6%), North Carolina (4%) and Georgia (4%) (Schmantowsky, year unknown). Molecular gastronomy could be a catalyst to culinary tourism which has a great potential to increase tourism generated revenue and the strategic partnership of culinary schools, hospitality organisations, chefs and scientists is the key to success of it. SWOT analysis Strengths Demand: From the time restaurants started utilizing molecular gastronomy for developing new dishes, public has widely accepted the uniqueness and newness of the experience. From the chefs point of view, MG is a tool for innovation in the field to attract their customers and stay in business. Without thinking about any downsides of the technique, thus the public as well as the industry has widely accepted molecular gastronomy, while expecting and demanding more from it. This increasing demand has made or will make molecular gastronomy much popular worldwide. Hospitality industrys enthusiasm to change: from the very early time, hospitality industry is changing every now and then, because of changing trends and tastes of customers, increasing competition, technology adoptation, and varying needs of customers. In fact this is the ever dynamic industry when compared to any other industries. This enthusiasm or eagerness of hospitality industry in general provides a great opportunity to make use of molecular gastronomy in its operations and a catalyst for further changes. Thus the science of food has got great support from the hospitality industry. As technology is easily imitated now days, due to globalisation, molecular gastronomy techniques could be easily learned by enthusiast chefs around the world. Supply of raw materials: due to the increasing demand for molecular gastronomy, the demand for the ingredients also has raised especially various thickeners, stabilizers and emulsifiers. Since the success of restaurants like EI Bulli and the fat duck, in 2005-06, this demand has further elevated. The supply of these ingredients is only available in large quantities to the food industry, restricting the use of these chemicals by untrained or unprofessional people, which is on a safer side (lersch, 2007). In Australia Suppliers has positive prospects to add value and expand their product range and services to the industry. Ingredients for molecular gastronomy Weaknesses Molecular gastronomy is still gaining popularity, and the knowledge and experience of it are limited in most parts of the world within the industry and culinary training providers. It will take fair amount of time to spread throughout the industry and will take further long period for standardisation of new recipes. Also there is limited accessibility to special ingredients and equipments such as smoking machine, blow torch and gastro vac which are much needed for cooking techniques, which is a constraint for this field at the moment. Due to the scarcity and limited accessibility, most countries working on molecular gastronomy are relying on imported goods and equipments which resulted in increased costs for the same. As most countries are relying on French and Spanish resources, where molecular gastronomy originated from, there is a limitation in independent research and experiment in the field. This situation is also made worst by the language barriers between these countries. In a ddition, the existing workload in the hospitality industry provides less time to chefs for research and experiment in molecular gastronomy. Also there are limited technical books published in English language making things much more difficult. Opportunities Hill recognizes a few opportunities for molecular gastronomy in the Australian hospitality industry, which is more or less similar to many other countries. Countries with limited access to the resources could gain knowledge and skills from internationally recognised expert chefs and broaden their set of skills by integrating molecular gastronomy into the existing culinary programmes. Apart from this professional networks should be promoted with increasing research and experiments in the field. Acquiring knowledge should be transferred to culinary students and the industry professionals to develop a culture with strong gastronomic foundation. Threats When focusing on threats to molecular gastronomy, the major barriers hindering the growth are once again the increased costs of commodities and equipments due to increased demand and supply issues. Another threat is the changing trends and demand of todays customers which may lead to decreasing popularity and in turn lead to less interest among chefs and decreased need for training in this area. It is contradictory to say that customers has widely accepted and are demanding for molecular gastronomy but at the same time changing customer behaviour can hinder the growth of molecular gastronomy. This is because the popular trend created by new dishes evolved from molecular gastronomy has been widely accepted by the public due to its newness and unique nature. But once it is popular and widely available everywhere, it is not any more new or unique. Moreover, people who have tried the molecular style of cuisine may not go for it every time, but stick back to their favourite recipes, unless molecular gastronomy can create captivating recipes every now and then. However, these reasons are not at all a barrier for the growth of this particular discipline till it gains its popularity around the world. There is another aspect of molecular gastronomy which is not emphasised in any of the studies: that is about the health. Most of the chemicals which are directly harmless to human body often have side effects. So, the intense use of chemicals in the cooking process should be of great concern. For example, most of the allopathic medicines which cures disease, mostly have foreseen negative side effects causing ill health. Just like that extreme use of various chemicals in molecular gastronomy to alter the physical form of foods should be studied in detail before it is commercially popular. More over the technique to change the texture, consistency and taste of food in molecular level could be maltreated in future just like invention of atomic reactions meant for energy are later used to make atom bombs, which is now a threat for human existence. Conclusion Molecular gastronomy is a pathway to innovation in culinary industry for chefs and a wonderful new enjoyment for the customers. Even though this field of science has proved its scientific nature and uniqueness, still there is a second opinion among the chefs in the industry. This may be due to the fact that major role in this respect is limited to the French and Spanish with limited resources available to the rest of the world. Better translation of the resources and international co-operation among the professionals may help to educate everyone working in the industry, thus creating a holistic awareness about this discipline. But at the same time, while molecular gastronomy gives way to unbelievable innovations, there is a need for preserving the old traditional recipes which remain successful without any alterations for years. Molecular gastronomy is a milestone in the culinary industry, taking it into another level, while correcting the old recipes scientifically and inventing new trendy ones. Hospitality being an ever dynamic industry, and with the evolution of culinary tourism, it became essential for entrepreneurs to exhibit innovation and new trends in customer service, which is enhanced by molecular gastronomy to a great extend. Although this is the case, due to limited awareness and popularity among the public, certain areas of molecular gastronomy is still in distrust. Intense use of chemicals to change the physical and chemical properties of food is giving room for scepticism. This calls for a controlling body in each country and globally for close monitoring the work in molecular gastronomy, as there are organisations to control food hygiene and nutrition. This will provide certain norms for experiments and new recipes using the molecular gastronomic technology, before it reaches the public.

Wild West :: essays research papers

In the beginning moving West was the majority of the barriers and obstructions that the setters had to face. Indian attacks, blizzards, tornadoes, flash floods and just being ill prepared among and numerous other hard ships took many settlers lives and were tough to over come. The journey was across a uniform, dusty, wind-swept, treeless nothingness. The temperatures would very a lot between 110 and below freezing. Not to mention that there was no trees for shade or cover from the storms. In this book there is a lot of first hand diaries, artifacts and photographs that show how it was in the 1800’s and how hard it really was to make the trip to the west and live there. This book is about how the west was won. It is also about emigrants from China and Europe, slaves that had just been freed, teachers from New England schools, and just some farm boys or opportunist from the south and mid west. They all found out that the west was so enormous and commendatory. They could not believe this native land was so immense and enormous. One reason for heading west was the Homestead Act, which would give deserving people sites or land to individuals who stayed on there land for five years. There were six main Trails that they took; the Oregon Trail, the Santa Fe Trail, Mormon Trail, Gila River Trail, California Trail and the Old Spanish Trail. Some people even came out West on the Transcontinental Railroad that was recently built. The settlers could even buy the land on the plains from the Rail Company. The rail road company had been granted great tracks of land by the United States government on both sides of the railroad and was later sold to settlers. The Native Americans suffered from this flow of people from the east and this would change their lives forever. There were many struggles and the quest to just stay alive is why today we call it the â€Å"Wild West†. Especially when a good number of them were dishonest scoundrels or just drifters and adventurers. Plus, most of them were armed. The first thing the settlers needed to get done was to dig a well. Well digging was very hard job and often had to be done many times because they would run dry or they just couldn’t hit water. For the families that just arrived getting a crop in was another one of the many important chores. Wild West :: essays research papers In the beginning moving West was the majority of the barriers and obstructions that the setters had to face. Indian attacks, blizzards, tornadoes, flash floods and just being ill prepared among and numerous other hard ships took many settlers lives and were tough to over come. The journey was across a uniform, dusty, wind-swept, treeless nothingness. The temperatures would very a lot between 110 and below freezing. Not to mention that there was no trees for shade or cover from the storms. In this book there is a lot of first hand diaries, artifacts and photographs that show how it was in the 1800’s and how hard it really was to make the trip to the west and live there. This book is about how the west was won. It is also about emigrants from China and Europe, slaves that had just been freed, teachers from New England schools, and just some farm boys or opportunist from the south and mid west. They all found out that the west was so enormous and commendatory. They could not believe this native land was so immense and enormous. One reason for heading west was the Homestead Act, which would give deserving people sites or land to individuals who stayed on there land for five years. There were six main Trails that they took; the Oregon Trail, the Santa Fe Trail, Mormon Trail, Gila River Trail, California Trail and the Old Spanish Trail. Some people even came out West on the Transcontinental Railroad that was recently built. The settlers could even buy the land on the plains from the Rail Company. The rail road company had been granted great tracks of land by the United States government on both sides of the railroad and was later sold to settlers. The Native Americans suffered from this flow of people from the east and this would change their lives forever. There were many struggles and the quest to just stay alive is why today we call it the â€Å"Wild West†. Especially when a good number of them were dishonest scoundrels or just drifters and adventurers. Plus, most of them were armed. The first thing the settlers needed to get done was to dig a well. Well digging was very hard job and often had to be done many times because they would run dry or they just couldn’t hit water. For the families that just arrived getting a crop in was another one of the many important chores.

The High School Band Room :: Descriptive Essay About A Place

The High School Band Room It is impossible to fully comprehend the appeal to the Gulf Coast High School Band Room unless you are actually a member of the band. All members of the Gulf Coast High School marching band spend the majority of their time in the band room, which is like a second home for most. The room itself does not appear to be anything special. It is a large room with a high ceiling, bright fluorescent lighting, and pink and green padding on the walls. The hallway maintains a terrible odor which nobody can quite determine the source of, and the white, vinyl tile floor is covered in a layer of disgusting things one can only dream of. Still, for some reason it remains a haven to about twelve percent of the student body. At first glance, it does not look like anything special, but when you open that big, gray door and step into the â€Å"band world† it becomes clear that it really is an amazing and wonderful place. It feels like the center of the universe. In the band room, everybody has a purpose and everybody has a group of friends who are always there when they are needed. The whole band already spends a lot of time in the band room due to the busy schedule of practices, classes, football games, and band trips, so it quickly becomes a familiar location for all band members. So much time is spent in the band room after school that nobody even equates band with school anymore. The band room is often the place where people take refuge when school gets to be too much for them. Everyone knows what to expect from the band room. It is the one thing that never changes. Every day there is always someone playing music on the stereo system, someone practicing, someone making people laugh, someone complaining, and someone studying. It is always the same thing. When you cannot depend on consistency anywhere else, you can always depend on it in the band room. Another aspect of the band room that lures people in is comedy. There is always something entertaining going on. Imagine a place where nobody is worried about what other people think. First impressions don’t matter in the band room. Everyone is free to be themselves, and when people are themselves it gets interesting. The band room is my favorite place in Naples because, as a member of the band, I have spent a great deal of my spare time there, and it is the location I associate with all of my friends.

Eating Disorders and Pregnancy Essays -- Health Birth Nutrition Papers

Eating Disorders and Pregnancy Pregnancy has often been viewed as a period of great developmental change for women. This is also a period in which previously dormant psychological issues rise to the surface and when current issues have the potential to worsen. Because anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa occur primarily in young women, many of whom are of childbearing age, it is important to evaluate the potential medical and psychological consequences when an eating disordered woman becomes pregnant. During pregnancy, conflicts about body changes, alterations in roles, additions of responsibility, and concerns about a woman’s own mothering abilities are prevalent. Many of these concerns are also of great importance to the psychology of eating disorders. Thus, it is not surprising that anorexic and bulimic women have unique problems during their pregnancies (Franko and Walton 1993). The potential for pregnancy to exert a positive or negative influence on eating disorder symptoms is inconclusive. Some studies report a decline in symptoms, while other report heightened symptomatology. However, it has been found that when an eating disorder is present during a pregnancy, the risk of complications is increased (Conti 1998). Anorexia Nervosa and Pregnancy Pregnancy in patients with anorexia nervosa is rarely suspected. Amenorrhea (lack of menstruation) is invariably present and is often accompanied by sensations that resemble symptoms of pregnancy. These symptoms include a bloated abdomen, nausea, vomiting, and fatigue. The detection of conception in anorectic patients is often delayed, and the consequences can be severe (Bonne, Rubinoff and Berry 1995). The course of pregna... ...: A Review and Clinical Implications.† International Journal of Eating Disorders. 1993 Jan; Vol. 13(1): 41-48. Lacey, J.H., and Smith, G. â€Å"Bulimia Nervosa: The Impact of Pregnancy on Mother and Baby.† British Journal of Psychiatry. 1987; Vol. 150: 777-781. Stein, A., H. Woolley, S.D. Cooper, and C.G. Fairburn. â€Å"An Observational Study of Mothers with Eating Disorders and Their Infants.† Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 1994; Vol.35 (4): 733-748. Turton, Penelope, et al. â€Å"Incidence and Demographic Correlates of Eating Disorder Symptoms in a Pregnant Population.† International Journal of Eating Disorders.1999 Dec; Vol. 26(4): 448-452. Waugh, Elizabeth and Cynthia M. Bulik. â€Å"Offspring of Women with Eating Disorders.† International Journal of Eating Disorders. 1999 Mar; Vol. 25(2): 123-133.

Scientific Sessions

Name: Ornella Hayles ID Number: 816008392 Tutor: Sheldon Pilgrim Session: Tuesdays 2-3pm3700030000 Name: Ornella Hayles ID Number: 816008392 Tutor: Sheldon Pilgrim Session: Tuesdays 2-3pm44000341947525002514604000070000455003536315690006939915370000455003536315350003520440Sci, Med & TechReflective Journal3600028000Sci, Med & TechReflective JournalSession Date: 22/01/18 Session No: 1Session Title: Introduction to Science & TechnologyIn the first session, the lecturer did an introduction of Science & Technology and an overall view of the course outline. After the introduction, I got a perspective of what Science & Technology was. At first, I thought the course was going to be essentially, about science since it was mainly being mentioned, but I was wrong. The lecturer took her time to clearly distinguished between science and technology and its importance to society or the world in general. She ensured that we all understood what she was lecturing by engaging us to respond to her questions, it appeared that she really wanted us to understand what was being taught so she went over what she said twice, two different ways which I appreciated. It helped me a lot to understand and grasp the concepts effectively. The use of visual cues seemed to work well with the class as it captured our attention and made us receptive. Through research I've come to realise scientists all have different perceptions of the word science. â€Å"Science does not purvey absolute truth, science is a mechanism. It's a way of trying to improve your knowledge of nature, it's a system for testing your thoughts against the universe and seeing whether they match† Isaac Asimov 1988. Science is important because it can solve some of our problems such as global warming and world hunger. I believe that science is still evolving and there's trial and error with science which means we learn new information and we advance as humans but, it can all take years for such research or technology to be developed. â€Å"Technology can be thought of as the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes†. I've always considered technology and science to be separate now, through critical analysis I know that science and technology are closely associated with each other. Which means technology is a part of science, it has been in existence since the prehistoric human culture (stone age). In my opinion technology is everywhere although we might not realise it our note books are a form of technology whereby we use our knowledge to document for practical purposes like computers. Overall for my first time doing this course it was challenging but, I've come to appreciate science and technology more, subsequently I can't imagine having to sleep without a roof above my head or having to cook using sticks and rocks. Through this experience I've got a spark of curiosity that makes me more enthusiastic to know more about science and technology. Scientists have reached so far in the field of technology whereby people can afford to do scientific research and make scientific break throughs from their own houses. The society we all know and accustomed to would be non-existent if it wasn't for the advancement in technology. We're so dependent on science and technology without realising it. 23 MORE WORDS Session Date: 29/01/18 Session No: 2 Session Title: Scientific Methods & The Nature of ScienceFor the second session, the lecturer started class with a recap of science. â€Å"All of science is uncertain and subject to revision. The glory of science is to imagine more than we could prove† Freeman Dyson. To follow up with the course outline, she started the second topic. To my understanding science is like a puzzle, to see the full image you need to put the pieces together. This can be distinguished through the scientific process. â€Å"The scientific method is a series of steps followed by scientific investigators to answer specific questions about the natural world† Regina Bailey 2017. What surprised me the most about this process is the fifth step experimentation, which is the most important step in this process. This is so because it can cause major breakthroughs in the world of science or a reversal. Through science we can make technological advancements and end some of the world major problems. â€Å"Fields of engineering are closely related to applied science. Applied science is important for technology development† Wikipedia 2018. It is understood that through scientific knowledge scientists have been able to provide services for the wellbeing of humans. Through many experiments people have been saying technology is good because it helps people medically and physically, it connects us as human beings and gives us entertainment. On the plus side technology is causing us to become less social. With this experiment, it shows how technology is applicated through private and public knowledge orientation. â€Å"Scientific objectivity is a characteristic of scientific claims, methods and results. It expresses the idea that the claims, methods and results of science are not, or should not be influenced by particular perspective value commitments, community bias or personal interests, to name a few relevant factors. Objectivity is often considered as an ideal for scientific inquiry, as a good reason for valuing scientific knowledge, and as the basis of the authority of science in society† Stanford Encyclopedia of philosophy 2014. To my knowledge there are three methods that scientists use inductive approach, deductive approach and hypothetico -deductive approach. The inductive approach and deductive approach are opposite, where the inductive approach is based off fact then there's a conclusion whilst deductive approach is a valid type of reasoning. Induction starts with observation, then a pattern, tentative, hypothesis and finally a theory. â€Å"In induction inference, we go from the specific to the general. We make many observations, discern a pattern, make a generalisation, and infer an explanation or a theory† Wassertheil Smoller 2017. Deduction has four stages theory, hypothesis, observation and confirmation. â€Å"Deductive reasoning is a logical process in which a conclusion is based on the concordance of multiple premises that are generally assumed to be true† Tech Target. Lastly hypothetico- deductive method which is seen as the only true method. What I understand is that the only way to truly test this is through experimentation which you either accept or reject the hypothesis and finally have an example. This week's session journal was manageable enough for me. Session Date: 05/02/18 Session No: 3 Session Title: Scientific Methods, Theories and ModelsIn this week's session, the lecturer started with the scientific method, then followed with theories and lastly models. Science is empirical, which means that it is based on observation over theory or logic. In class, we briefly discussed the history of scientific methods. It is understood that Plato 429-347 BC did not believe in empiricism but reasoning. â€Å"All knowledge could be obtained through pure reasoning (inductive), no need to actually go out and measure anything,† Plato 427-347 BC. â€Å"Contributions have been more influential, particularly when it comes to science and logical reasoning (deductive)† Aristotle 384-322 BC. Aristotle believed in empiricism. Personally, I agree with both Plato and Aristotle, for me science can be based on observation and reasoning also through empiricism where there's a logical way to test such observations. A major point in this week's session was observation. Observation is knowledge or data we acquire through experimentation. An example of observation from what I understand is the writing up of labs (biology or chemistry) for labs you have to observe then write what you understand. Through my research in observation I came across this question which intrigued me â€Å"Is creative concentration contagious?† Lynda Barry 2011. This brings me into another key example in topic three. When a baby sees his mother drinking in a cup, he tries to do the same with his cup, he holds it up and tries to take a sip from his cup. The baby first observes, then experiments. There are two types of observations, qualitative observations which uses your senses to observe the results and quantitative observations are made with instruments such as ruler, cylinders and thermometers which are tangible. These results are measurable. They could be used together or separately to measure data. Quantitative observation only gives statistical analysis after all the data has been gathered. What I understand from scientific theory is that it's a repetition of a process of the natural to ensure the accuracy or legitimacy using a form of observation and experiment. An example of this would be no new evidence would show water is wet, or that you can see without your glasses. Experimentation is the process of performing a scientific procedure, especially in a laboratory, to determine something† Oxford dictionaries 2018. From the information, I gathered from the session so far is that observation and experimentation are relate and there are two types of observation. â€Å"A statement based on repeated experimental observations that describes some aspects of the universe is called a scientific law' Wikipedia 2017. A scientific law doesn't explain the why or what of this observed phenomenon. The explanation of this phenomenon is the scientific theory, this is why or how they are related. â€Å"In science, laws are a starting place† Peter Coppinger 2017. The description of such phenomenon is called a model. These models can be physical, conceptual or mathematical it is often used in scientific theories.

Demonstrative Communication Essay

Provide examples showing how demonstrative communication can be effective and ineffective, positive and negative, for the sender and receiver.   Demonstrative Communication is the process of people’s thoughts and messages of communicating by actively listening in verbal and nonverbal communication. Depending on how a message is communicated, â€Å"can be effective and ineffective, either positive or negative† (Juancho24, 2012). Communication is used everywhere for instance all over the world. There are many forms of communication by applying communication process model for example; â€Å"sender/receiver, encoding, decoding, message, channel, and feedback† (Cheesbro, O’Connor, and Rios, 2010). Learning to develop communication skills can help individuals to carry appropriate conversations and to interpret the connection with one another. There are many ways to communicate verbal and nonverbal for example, a parent tells his child how proud he is to be his parent and then gives him a hug, the parent expresses verbal communication by using positive words and applies nonverbal communication with a hug, body language. Individuals express verbal communication through oral or written skills. Verbal communication is the tone of voice that indicates how engaged the topic is and the ability to realize the emotions perceived. A person’s tempo in a conversation can be understood with the ideas being communicated. When sending a message in verbal communication the words accustomed to, can convey differently then how the receiver defines the context. Nonverbal communication is unstoppable and significantly valuable as much as speaking with a loud tone of voice and communicating verbally. In nonverbal communication, â€Å"All types of communication do not involve the exchange of words,† is defined as nonverbal communication† (Rogers & Steinfatt, 1999, p. 67). A facial expression is the most common skill used in nonverbal communication for example; a smile or frown, eye contact, body language, and gestures. Overall, nonverbal communication can be effective positively and can be negatively ineffective in two different points of views. First example, husbands and wives communicate with each other by observing each other’s body language. This is a positive way of communication by effectively knowing each others thoughts. Second example, Children know as soon as their parents turn to look at them, the meaning is to stop misbehaving and could mean they are in trouble. The second example used is both effective and ineffective. Third example, a smile or frown can interpret a person to be happy or angry. The person could also be interpreted as approachable or would rather be left alone. This is positively effective and negatively ineffective. Fourth example, an individual waving or a hand shake in America, can be interrupted as a friendly sign or a strong individual but can also be interrupted as insulting and rude in other countries. This example is both effective and ineffective with positive and negative communication. However, verbal communication consequently has similar negatively ineffective as positively effective. First example, the lack of listening leads to misconception and when listening carefully the outcome becomes essential to the receiver. Both examples are ineffective and effective. Second example, is the choice of vocabulary and taking into consideration who will be receiving the information. This is used by effectively positive. Third example, the lack of verbal speech and failing to interpret the proper speech causes misunderstanding. In another way the proper use of speech can help the receiver to understand what is being interpreted. Example is used by ineffective with negative outcome but if used correctly can be effective with positive outcomes. Explain how demonstrative communication involves listening and responding. Listening and responding is used in demonstrative communication to engage the active communication skill from sender to receiver. This process is very important to both sender and receiver, by actively listening and ready to respond. One example is a sender and receiver must be willing to communicate properly. â€Å"Accurate listening efficiency promotes retention of important information, resulting in fewer misunderstandings and on-the-job errors† (Wilson, n.d., p. 1). Once a sender is ready to send out a message it is important for the receiver to receive the correct information by evaluating the message sent, this way the receiver can respond back with feedback and a solution. Applying the steps in the communication process model, mentioned in the first paragraph of this essay will go hand in hand with the practice of listening and responding which will help by demonstrating communication through the steps being practice. An example of listening and responding with children is, â€Å"monkey see monkey do† (Uebergang, 2006, Dec.20). Listening and responding is a process to be learned as individuals who continues to repeat the process with a good attitude. Conclusion Communicating can never be avoided no matter how hard we try and cannot solve every issue. Demonstrative communicate is an ongoing process of how we interact within one another every day, in different settings of environment such as professional, at home, work, and community. Verbal and nonverbal communication is deceiving if misunderstood. Therefore, communicating can be a lifelong advancement. References Cheesebro, T., O’Connor, L., & Rios, F. (2010). Communicating in the workplace. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Juancho24 (2012, 02). Demonstrative Communication. StudyMode.com. Retrieved 02, 2012, from http://www.studymode.com/essays/Demonstrative-Communication-914632.html Rogers, E. M., & Steinfatt, T. M. (1999). Intercultural communication. Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press. Uebergang, J. (2006, December 20). Teaching your child listening skills. Improving our â€Å"signals† and â€Å"beings.† Retrieved January 9, 2008, from http://www.earthlingcommunication.com/blog/teachingyour-child-listening-skills.php Wilson, B. (n.d.). Practical benefits of better listening forleaders and teams. Retrieved April 6, 2007, from www.businesslistening.com/leadership_listening-skills.php